Table 2.
Cow- and herd-related variables associated with mild hock lesions (HL) in four multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression sub-models
| Sub-model/variable | β | SE | OR | CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-model 1: cow-related factors (n = 2685) | |||||
| Breed | |||||
| Swedish Holstein (SH) | Ref | ||||
| Swedish Red (SR) | − 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.71 | 0.56–0.90 | 0.005 |
| SH × SR | − 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.75 | 0.52–1.09 | 0.136 |
| DIM (days) | |||||
| 0–90 | Ref | ||||
| 91–180 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 1.31 | 1.04–1.65 | 0.022 |
| 180–305 | 0.62 | 0.12 | 1.87 | 1.46–2.38 | < 0.001 |
| > 305 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 1.28 | 0.93–1.74 | 0.127 |
| Sub-model 2: general herd and housing-related factors (n = 2545 cows) | |||||
| Cubicle base | |||||
| Rubber mats | Ref | ||||
| Mattress | − 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.48–0.87 | 0.004 |
| Production system | |||||
| Conventional | Ref | ||||
| Organic | − 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.43–0.91 | 0.014 |
| Sub-model 3: management-related factors (n = 2685 cows) | |||||
| Cow diet include maize silage | |||||
| No | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 0.40 | 0.20 | 1.50 | 1.01–2.21 | 0.042 |
| Type of feeding system | |||||
| Automatic feeding stations for individual concentrate rations | Ref | ||||
| Total mixed rations (TMR) | − 0.54 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.37–0.90 | 0.016 |
| Combination of TMR and individual concentration rations | − 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.90 | 0.64–1.26 | 0.535 |
| Type of milking parlor | |||||
| Herringbone | Ref | ||||
| Tandem | − 0.47 | 0.15 | 0.62 | 0.46–0.84 | 0.002 |
| Sub-model 4: herd health-related factors (n = 2587 cows) | |||||
| Heifers > 17 months not inseminated (%)a | |||||
| 0–16 | Ref | ||||
| ≥ 17 | − 0.45 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.48–0.85 | 0.002 |
β regression coefficients, OR odds ratio, CI 95% confidence interval, Ref reference level
aBased on data from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme for the 12 months preceding the herd visit