Table 2.
ᅟ
| SubP | NKA | VIP | CGRP | NPY | Bombesins | Granins | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | Expression or concentration | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Details | ↑ levels in sputum [81, 82] & BAL [83, 233], ↑ innervation, [149, 234] ↑ neurons [235] | Sputum muc5AC and NKA positively correlate [84], ↑ neurons [235] | ↓ innervation [116, 149] | ↑ airway expression [148, 150]; ↑ innervation [149]; ↑ sputum[157] | ↑ in BAL [170], ↑ plasma/serum [175, 177, 219]; ↑ innervation [236] ↓ smooth muscle [180] | ↑ in airway[39] ↑ expression in lungs in risk factors for asthma [204, 205] | ↑ in serum, mixed population, including some asthmatics [218] | |
| COPD | Expression or concentration | ↑ ↓ | ↓ ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Details | ↑ levels in sputum [89]; ↓ sputum concentrations during exacerbation [90] | ↓ sputum concentrations during exacerbation [90]; ↑ release in airways ex vivo [237] | ↑ innervation in chronic bronchitis [127]; ↑ serum [124] | ↑ sputum [157]; ↓ receptor expression in airways [158]; | ↓ smooth muscle [171]; ↑ innervation in risk factor for COPD [185]; | ↑ release from neuroepithelial cells [193] | ↑ in serum [224] | |
| CF | Expression or concentration | unknown | unknown | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | unknown |
| Details | normal serum range: <20 -125 pg/ml (mean: 41 ±7 ), CF range: 21-170 pg/ml, (mean: 78 ± 15.8) [238] | unknown | ↓ epithelium and alveolar wall [131] | ↑ submucosal glands [161] | ↑ in olfactory epithelium [191] | ↑ in neuroepithelial cells [214] | unknown |