Table 1.

Administrative units

Country	Admin. level 1	Admin. level 2	Admin. level 3
Bangladesh	Division (7)	District (64)	Sub-district (484)a
Cameroon	Region (10)	Department (58)	–
Chad	Region (23)b	Department (62)b, c	–
Mozambique	Province (11)d	District (148)d	–
Uganda	Region (4)	District (112)	–
Zambia	Province (9)e	District (72)e	–

^aSome highly urbanized areas of Bangladesh are classified as city corporations which we treat as equivalent to sub-districts for this analysis

^bIn Chad, the capital city is considered equivalent to both a region and a department

^cChad currently has 68 departments. However, the most detailed data source identified used the 62 departments in effect until 2011, so we have carried out the analysis at this level

^dIn Mozambique, the capital city is considered equivalent to a province while the provincial capital cities are considered equivalent to districts

^eZambia currently has 10 provinces and 103 districts. However, district boundary changes in recent years have not been well documented. We therefore carry out this analysis on the 9 provinces and 72 districts that were in effect until approximately 2010