Table 1.

Baseline characteristics in patients and controls

	Patients n = 384	Controls n = 184	p
Demographic data
Age, years	61 (5)	64 (9)	< 0.001
Female, n (%)	113 (29)	91 (49)	< 0.001
Smoker or former smoker, n (%)	257 (67)	91 (49)	< 0.001
Height, cm	174 (12)	172 (14)	ns
Weight, kg	90 (19)	76 (21)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m2	30 (6)	26 (5)	< 0.001
Medical history
Diabetes duration, years	6 (7)	0	na
Angina pectoris, n (%)	30 (8)	3 (2)	< 0.01
Myocardial infarction, n (%)	24 (6)	5 (3)	ns
Coronary revascularization, n (%)	25 (6)	4 (2)	< 0.05
Heart failure, n (%)	8 (2)	0	na
Hypertension, n (%)	253 (66)	43 (23)	< 0.001
Medication
Loop diuretics, n (%)	26 (7)	0	na
Statins, n (%)	230 (60)	19 (10)	< 0.001
ACEI and/or ARB, n (%)	187 (49)	21 (11)	< 0.001
Calcium channel blocker, n (%)	68 (18)	9 (6)	< 0.001
β-Blocker, n (%)	138 (36)	25 (14)	< 0.001
Laboratory analyses
HbA1c, %	5.8 (1.3)		na
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 (1.0)	1.1 (0.8)	< 0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL	133 (88)	97 (71)	< 0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.5 (0.9)	3.5 (1.0)	< 0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	96 (35)	135 (39)	< 0.001
Microalbuminuria, n (%)	60 (16)	7 (4)	< 0.001
Creatinine, µmol/L	88 (23)	77 (20)	< 0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.00 (0.26)	0.87 (0.23)	< 0.001
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	70 (20)	76 (18)	< 0.001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic blood pressure	137 (20)	128 (30)	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure	78 (12)	74 (15)	< 0.001

Values are presented as numbers of participants and percent for categorical variables, and median and (interquartile range) for continuous variables

ns not significant, na not applicable, BMI body mass index, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol