Table 3.

Summary of categorization of dietary supplements based on available literature

Category	Muscle building supplements	Performance enhancement
I. Strong Evidence to Support Efficacy and Apparently Safe	• HMB • Creatine monohydrate • Essential amino acids (EAA) • Protein	• β-alanine • Caffeine • Carbohydrate • Creatine Monohydrate • Sodium Bicarbonate • Sodium Phosphate • Water and Sports Drinks
II. Limited or Mixed Evidence to Support Efficacy	• Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate (ATP) • Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) • Phosphatidic acid	• L-Alanyl-L-Glutamate • Arachidonic acid • Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) • Citrulline • Essential amino acids (EAA) • Glycerol • HMB • Nitrates • Post-exercise carbohydrate and protein • Quercetin • Taurine
III. Little to No Evidence to Support Efficacy and/or Safety	• Agmatine sulfate • Alpha-ketoglutarate • Arginine • Boron • Chromium • Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) • D-Aspartic acid • Ecdysterones • Fenugreek extract • Gamma oryzanol (Ferulic acid) • Glutamine • Growth-hormone releasing peptides and Secretogogues • Isoflavones • Ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate • Prohomones • Sulfo-polysaccharides • Tribulus terrestris • Vanadyl sulfate • Zinc-magnesium aspartate	• Arginine • Carnitine • Glutamine • Inosine • Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) • Ribose