Table 2.
Studies included in the descriptive analysis of dysphagia attributable expenditure
| Authors, date | Total sample size (dysphagia) | Primary clinical diagnosis | Data source (years) | Costs inclusive of | Mean US$ difference = attributable cost of dysphagia | % difference | P value | Statistical test used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort studies | ||||||||
| Bonilha, et al., 2014 [15] | 2883 (317) | Ischaemic stroke | US Medicare billing records (2004–2005) | Cost over and above general care (dysphagia attributable cost) | 4510 | 25.4 | < 0.0001 | Gamma distributed generalised linear model |
| Chen & Ke, 2016 [36] | 237 (118) | Haemorrhagic stroke | National health insurance billing, Taiwan (2002–2012) | Total medical cost (insurer and co-payments by individual) | 1393.7 | 23.5 | < 0.001 | Multivariate linear regression |
| Ferraris et al., (2001) [38] | 1042 (31) | Post-cardiac surgery | Hospital surgical data (1998–1999) | Hospital related costs per admission | 33,323 | 92.1 | < 0.0001 | Mann-Whitney test of inference |
| Genther & Gourin, 2015 [16] | 61,740 (4461) | Head and Neck cancer | Nation-wide inpatient sample, Health care cost and utilisation project, Agency for Healthcare, Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2001–2010) | Total cost per admission | 3976 | 16.4 | < 0.001 | Generalised linear regression |
| Gourin et al., 2015 [17] | 2370 (616)a | Head and Neck cancer | National surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)- Medicare linked database (2004–2007) | Total Medicare paid amounts | 65,766b | 102 | Not reported | Multivariate linear regression |
| Rao et al., 2005 [26] | 4551 (908) | Stroke | Not reported | Actual cost of care | 5107 | 28.5 | < 0.001 | Not reported |
| Tian et al., 2013 [44] | 8977 (485) | Alzheimer’s disease | Medicare and Marketscan Commercial databases (2006–2010) | Total health care cost (hospitalisation, outpatient, ER, pharmacy) | 3620 | 35.2 | Not reported | Multivariate linear regression |
| Cross-sectional | ||||||||
| Chan et al., 2013 [45] | 7791 (467) | Head and Neck cancer | AHRQ (2001–2008) | Hospital related costs only per admission | 8201 | 52 | < 0.001 | Generalised linear regression |
| Semenov et al., 2012 [46] | 93,663 (5245) | Head and Neck cancer | AHRQ (2003–2008) | Hospital related costs only per admission | 2609 | 12 | < 0.001 | Generalised linear regression |
| Starmer et al., 2014 [47] | 1,649,871 (32,922) | Anterior cervical disc surgery | AHRQ (2001–2010) | Hospital related costs only per admission | 4692 | 28.6 | < 0.001 | Generalised linear regression |
| Ward et al., 2012 [48] | 17,281 (443) | Head and Neck cancer | AHRQ (2003–2008) | Hospital related costs only per admission | 6663 | 28.3 | < 0.001 | Generalised linear regression |
aData visually extracted from Figure
bRaw data provided by authors