Table 4.
Overview of studies included in the meta-analysis of dysphagia attributable LOS reported in cohort studies of patients presenting with stroke
| Citation | Primary clinical diagnosis | Reported LOS Dysphagia. Mean +/− SD days | Reported LOS No-dysphagia.Mean +/− SD days | Mean difference (days) | Varience Standard Error (SE) | t-statistic and significance level | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = | n = | |||||||
| Arnold, M., et al. (2016) Switerland [27] | Ischaemic stroke | 118 | Total hospitalisation: 7.9 +/− 4.8 | 452 | Total hospitalisation: 7.2 +/− 4.4 | 0.7 | SE: 0.464, 95% CI - 1.6107 to 0.2107 | t-statistic −1.510, DF 568, Significance level P = 0.1317 |
| Stroke unit LOS: 4.4 +/− 2.8 | Stroke unit LOS: 2.7 +/− 2.4 | 1.7 | SE 0.257, 95% CI - 2.2051 to −1.1949 | t-statistic −6.610, DF 568, Significance level P < 0.0001 | ||||
| Falsetti, P., et al. (2009) Italy [37] | neurorehab (non acute) ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke | 62 | 35 +/− 16.7 | 89 | 26.6 +/− 12.3 | 8.4 | SE 2.360, 95% CI -13.0634 to −3.7366 | t-statistic −3.559, DF 149, Significance level P = 0.0005 |
| Guyomard, V., et al. (2009) UK [39] | Stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) | 1506 | 16.0+/− 9.9 | 1477 | 10.5+/− 6.3 | 5.5 | SE 0.304, 95% CI - 6.0970 to −4.9030 | t-statistic −18.063, DF 2981, Significance level P < 0.0001 |
| Odderson, I. R., et al. (1995) USA [42] | Acute non-haem CVA | 48 | 8.4 +/− 0.9 | 76 | n = 76, 6.4 (+/− 0.6) | 2 | SE 1.039, 95% CI - 4.0571 to 0.0571 | t-statistic −1.925, DF 122, Significance level P = 0.0566 |
| Teasell, R., et al. 2002 Canada [43] | medullary CVA pts. with and without dysphagia | 527 | mean total hospital: 66 +/−17 days | 380 | total hospital: 44 +/−22 days | Difference 22.0 | SE 8.712, 95% CI - 40.3024 to −3.6976 | t-statistic − 2.525, DF 18, Significance level P = 0.0212 |
| Rehab: 48+/−14 days | Rehab 24+/−17 days | Rehab: Difference 24.0 | SEr 6.924, 95% CI - 38.5474 to −9.4526 | t-statistic −3.466, DF 18, Significance level P = 0.002 | ||||
| Westergren, A., et al. (1999). Sweden [33] | stroke | 60 | 53.9 +/−35.9 | 61 | 25.2 +/−24.6 | −28.7 | SE 5.533, 95% CI - 39.6481 to −17.7519 | t-statistic −5.187, DF 129, Significance level P < 0.0001 |