Table 2.
Average number of beverages and volume consumed, according to the Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ) and 7-day food record (7dFR)
| Beverage category | Mean # of drinks (s. e.) | rp # of drinks | p-value | Mean total volume in ml (s. e.) | Mean volume difference between BFQ and Record (s. e.) | rp total volume | p-value | t-test for total volume | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7dFR | BFQ | 7dFR | BFQ | ||||||||
| 1. Regular soda or pop | 0.78 (0.27) | 0.86 (0.26) | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 277 (99) | 388 (133) | + 298 (112) | 0.51 | < 0.001 | −0.93 | 0.36 |
| 2. Diet soda or pop | 0.00 | 0.06 (0.0) | – | < 0.001 | 0 (0) | 21 (21) | 21 (21) | – | −1.00 | 0.32 | |
| 3. 100% fruit/vegetable juice | 2.00 (0.46) | 1.88 (0.45) | 0.56 | < 0.001 | 506 (117) | 494 (115) | 387 (104) | 0.48 | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.92 |
| 4. Fruit drinks with added sugars | 1.06 (0.34) | 0.52 (0.18) | 0.46 | < 0.001 | 359 (94) | 154 (57) | 295 (72) | 0.56 | < 0.001 | 2.62 | 0.01 |
| 5. Flavoured water/vitamin water with calories | 0.08 (0.48) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.91 | < 0.001 | 37 (23) | 35 (26) | 13 (8) | 0.95 | < 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.84 |
| 6. Sports drinks | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.60 | < 0.001 | 82 (46) | 124 (56) | 63 (31) | 0.82 | < 0.001 | −1.33 | 0.19 |
| 7. Energy drinks | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.91 | < 0.001 | 51 (29) | 57 (29) | 23 (13) | 0.89 | −0.40 | 0.69 | |
| 8. Calorie-free drinks | 0.00 | 0.02 (0.02) | – | < 0.001 | 0 (0) | 12 (12) | 12 (12) | – | −1.00 | 0.32 | |
| 9. Unsweetened milk or alternatives | 1.60 (0.45) | 2.08 (0.56) | 0.47 | < 0.001 | 478 (135) | 640 (233) | 469 (178) | 0.59 | < 0.001 | −0.86 | 0.39 |
| 10. Chocolate or sweetened milk and alternatives | 0.90 (0.27) | 0.88 (0.37) | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 336 (109) | 255 (112) | 311 (103) | 0.49 | < 0.001 | 0.73 | 0.47 |
| 11. Coffee/tea with cream or sugar | 2.32 (0.56) | 2.06 (0.39) | 0.20 | 0.1 | 833 (223) | 517 (135) | 747 (225) | 0.13 | 0.37 | 1.29 | 0.20 |
| 12. Coffee/tea no cream or sugar | 1.66 (0.48) | 1.74 (0.61) | 0.65 | < 0.001 | 570 (197) | 729 (282) | 588 (165) | 0.76 | < 0.001 | −0.87 | 0.39 |
| 13. Specialty coffee | 0.54 (0.16) | 0.36 (0.14) | 0.23 | 0.11 | 211 (64) | 116 (43) | 208 (62) | 0.26 | 0.07 | 1.41 | 0.16 |
| 14. Beer/cider/coolers | 0.58 (0.21) | 0.60 (0.20) | 0.92 | < 0.001 | 271 (106) | 250 (78) | 143 (50) | 0.87 | < 0.001 | 0.40 | 0.69 |
| 15. Wine | 0.10 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.60 | < 0.001 | 58 (42) | 29 (18) | 57 (36) | 0.50 | < 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.42 |
| 16. Hard alcohol with caloric mix | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.28 (0.13) | 0.18 | < 0.001 | 56 (33) | 70 (31) | 40 (21) | 0.78 | < 0.001 | −0.64 | 0.53 |
| 17. Hard alcohol no mix or non-caloric mix | 0.30 (0.19) | 0.24 (0.14) | 0.18 | 0.23 | 9 (11) | 13 (8) | 24 (12) | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.61 |
| Sugar-sweetened beveragesa | 2.70 (0.51) | 2.14 (0.40) | 0.53 | < 0.001 | 1017 (183) | 875 (173) | 634 (147) | 0.54 | < 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.41 |
| Sugary drinksb | 8.08 (1.18) | 7.24 (0.94) | 0.63 | < 0.001 | 2749 (392) | 2211 (316) | 1368 (291) | 0.55 | < 0.001 | 1.57 | 0.12 |
| All alcoholic drinks | 1.14 (0.31) | 1.24 (0.34) | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 405 (120) | 361 (96) | 44 (76) | 0.78 | < 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
| All drinks | 12.32 (1.40) | 12.10 (1.20) | 0.62 | < 0.001 | 4145 (484) | 3904 (463) | 241 (428) | 0.59 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
aIncludes: regular soda or pop; sweetened fruit drinks; flavoured waters or vitamin waters with calories; sports drinks; energy drinks; and specialty coffees
bIncludes: regular soda or pop; sweetened fruit drinks; flavoured waters or vitamin waters with calories; sports drinks; energy drinks; specialty coffees; 100% fruit or vegetable juice; chocolate milk; regular coffee with cream or sugar; and hard alcohol with mix or cocktails that had calorie