Table 4.

Pooled mean differences of the four comparisons on the different sex hormone outcomes and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)

Pooled effectsa	Treatment effect ratios (95% confidence interval)
Estrone
Exercise vs control	0.97 (0.94–1.01)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.90 (0.83–0.97)
Diet vs control	0.95 (0.88–1.03)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.94 (0.88–1.01)
Total estradiol
Exercise vs control	0.97 (0.94–1.00)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.82 (0.75–0.90)
Diet vs control	0.86 (0.77–0.95)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.96 (0.89–1.04)
Free estradiol
Exercise vs control	0.95 (0.87–1.01)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.73 (0.66–0.81)
Diet vs control	0.77 (0.69–0.84)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.96 (0.87–1.06)
Total testosterone
Exercise vs control	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.96 (0.89–1.04)
Diet vs control	1.01 (0.94–1.09)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.95 (0.89–1.01)
Free testosterone
Exercise vs control	0.97 (0.95–1.00)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.86 (0.79–0.93)
Diet vs control	0.91 (0.84–0.98)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.94 (0.88–1.00)
Androstenedione
Exercise vs control	0.97 (0.94–1.00)
Exercise + diet vs control	0.95 (0.80–1.12)
Diet vs control	1.01 (0.93–1.11)
Exercise + diet vs diet	0.94 (0.87–1.02)
SHBG
Exercise vs control	1.03 (0.99–1.08)
Exercise + diet vs control	1.23 (1.15–1.31)
Diet vs control	1.20 (1.06–1.36)
Exercise + diet vs diet	1.03 (0.97–1.09)

^a For readability reduced calorie diet is labeled as “diet”