Table 2.
Characteristics of included observational studies
| Author, year population (number) |
Echocardiography timing | GLS software and TTE views used | Data reported | SAPS SOFA APACHE |
MV | Mortality | Longest follow up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boissier, 2017 78 ICU patients with septic shock |
TTE within 24 h of ICU admission | Philips’ Qlab 8.1 (Philips®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch |
GLS and LVEF | 60.1 ± 20.5 11.7 ± 3.4 - |
84.6% | 43.6% | Hospital |
| Chang, 2015 111 ICU patients with septic shock |
TTE within 24 h of ICU admission | EchoPAC v. BT09 (GE®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch, 3ch |
GLS and LVEF | - - 21 ± 8 |
65.8% | 35.1% | Hospital |
| De Geer, 2014 50 ICU patients with septic shock |
TTE within 24 h of ICU admission | EchoPac v. 112 (GE®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch, 3ch |
GLS and LVEF | - 11 (9–12) - |
84% | 34% | 90-day |
| Innocenti, 2016 56 ED patients with septic shock |
TTE within 24 h if ICU admission | Philips’ Qlab 8.1 (Philips®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch |
GLS and LVEF | - 6.3 ± 2.8 - |
– | 27.2% | 28-day |
| Landesberg, 2014 106 ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock |
TTE on ICU admission day or as soon as possible | Philips’ Qlab 8.1 (Philips®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch |
GLS and LVEF | - - 21.61 ± 6.8 |
100% | 39% | Hospital |
| Lanspa, 2017 298 ICU patients with severe sepsis or septic shock |
TTE within 24 h of ICU admission | Image-Arena platform (TomTec®) Ap: 4ch |
GLS | - 9 (6–12) 25 (18–23) |
– | 23% | 28-day |
| Orde, 2014 60 adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock |
TTE within 24 h of meeting severe sepsis criteria | Syngo Velocity Vector Imaging (Siemens®) Ap: 4ch, 2ch, 3ch |
GLS and LVEF | - 11 ± 4 - |
65% | 48% | 180-day |
| Shahul, 2015* 35 ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock |
TTE on admission and at 24 h post | cardiac perf. Analysis v1.1 (TomTec®) Ap: 4ch |
GLS and LVEF | - 6 (2.1–9) 21.7 ± 6.2 |
69% | 23.3% | 30-day |
Data on the number of patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) are reported, if available, at the time of echocardiographic assessment. Severity scores are provided according to the version reported by each study. Severity scores are reported according to the version of scoring adopted by the authors. Software used for global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessment are abbreviated for ease of reading
ED Emergency Department, ICU Intensive Care Unit, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TTE trans-thoracic echocardiography, Ap apical view, 4ch four-chamber view, 2ch two-chamber view, 3ch three-chamber view, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
*In this study we obtained data from the 35 patients with septic shock, while the remaining 15 patients with sepsis were excluded