Table 3.
Comparison of PWS and AS participants on ADOS-2 algorithm items using Fisher’s exact test
| PWS | AS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % atypical | n | % atypical | p | Φ | |
| SA | ||||||
| Pointing | 12 | 33.3 | 19 | 68.5 | .075 | .343 |
| Gestures | 25 | 48.0 | 19 | 52.6 | .999 | .046 |
| Eye contact | 25 | 64.0 | 19 | 52.6 | .542 | .115 |
| Facial expressions | 25 | 64.0 | 19 | 84.2 | .181 | .225 |
| Shared enjoyment | 25 | 68.0 | 19 | 31.6 | .032 | .361 |
| Showing | 12 | 33.3 | 19 | 42.1 | .717 | .088 |
| Response to joint attention | 12 | 8.3 | 19 | 26.3 | .363 | .222 |
| Initiation of joint attention | 12 | 16.7 | 19 | 42.1 | .240 | .265 |
| Quality of social overtures | 25 | 64.0 | 19 | 78.9 | .335 | .162 |
| Amount of social overtures | 25 | 36.0 | 19 | 57.9 | .223 | .218 |
| Rapport | 25 | 84.0 | 19 | 73.7 | .467 | .127 |
| Reportinga | 13 | 69.2 | – | – | – | – |
| Conversationb | 20 | 75.0 | – | – | – | – |
| Amount of communicationb | 20 | 35.0 | – | – | – | – |
| Insighta | 13 | 92.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Communication of own affectc | 5 | 100 | – | – | – | – |
| RRB | ||||||
| Sensory | 25 | 40.0 | 19 | 5.3 | .013 | .397 |
| Mannerisms | 25 | 36.0 | 19 | 89.5 | .001 | .539 |
| Repetitive and stereotyped behaviours | 25 | 64.0 | 19 | 68.4 | .999 | .046 |
| Stereotyped languageb | 25 | 56.0 | – | – | – | – |
p value (p) in italics remains < 0.05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons using FDR
n sample size, Φ effect size
aModule 3 and 4 item
bModule 2–4 item
cModule 4 item