Table 2.

Aggression in migraine patients compared with healthy controls

	Mean ± SD (range)
	Migraine patients	EM	CM	Healthy controls
	(n = 144)	(n = 88)	(n = 56)	(n = 144)
Overall AQ	48.9 ± 12.6 (31–105)a	45.3 ± 10.3 (31–76)	54.6 ± 13.8 (33–105)b	45.8 ± 8.5 (27–71)
Physical aggression	13.6 ± 4.2 (9–33)	12.7 ± 3.2 (9–26)	15.2 ± 5.0 (9–33)a	13.6 ± 3.6 (9–25)
Verbal aggression	9.9 ± 3.2 (5–20)	9.6 ± 3.2 (5–19)	10.3 ± 3.1 (5–20)	9.9 ± 2.7 (5–20)
Anger	11.6 ± 4.0 (5–24)b	10.3 ± 3.3 (5–22)	13.6 ± 4.3 (6–24)b	10.2 ± 2.6 (5–16)
Hostility	13.7 ± 5.2 (8–35)b	12.7 ± 4.3 (8–30)	15.4 ± 6.0 (8–35)b	12.2 ± 2.7 (8–22)

EM episodic migraine, CM chronic migraine, AQ Aggression questionnaire

Student’s t-test was conducted for the comparison between migraine patients and controls, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01