Table 1. Organic causes to exclude in a crying infant .

Conditions to exclude	Additional clinical features
Cow’s milk protein allergy	Significant vomiting Feeding difficulties Diarrhoea with mucus or blood Poor weight gain Extensive eczema First-degree family history of atopy
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease	Frequent significant vomiting (>5 times per day) Haematemesis Feeding difficulties Poor weight gain
Lactose intolerance or overload	Watery, frothy, explosive diarrhoea AND perianal excoriation or ulcerations
Inguinal hernia	Vomiting Lump in inguinal region
Intussusception	Acute onset of vomiting, pallor, irritability Abdominal mass, rectal bleeding
Infection: urinary tract infection, meningitis, otitis media	Fever Lethargy Poor feeding, poor weight gain Perinatal risk factors for sepsis
Hydrocephalus	Increasing head circumference/macrocephaly Vomiting Lethargy
Hair tourniquet	Hair tourniquet around fingers or toes
Foreign body in eye	Acute distress, history of foreign body penetration in eye
Non-accidental injury	Bruising or petechiae Other features of physical injury