Table 1.

Total antioxidant, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities in HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of Ashwagandha water extract at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ incubator for 48 h.

Antioxidant	Control untreated cells	Cells treated with Ashwagandha water extract			Statistical signficancea
		2.5 mg/ml	5.0 mg/ml	10.0 mg/ml
Total antioxidant, µM/ml	0.6 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.0	1.8 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.1	P < 0.05
Glutathione S-transferase, µM/ml	382.1 ± 61.0	610.4 ± 6.0	1706.7 ± 7.3	1375.0 ± 5.3	P < 0.05
Glutathione reductase, mg/dl	3.9 ± 0.5	13.3 ± 0.3	22.8 ± 0.5	80.0 ± 6.0	P < 0.05

Data presented as mean ± SD.

^aComparison between all three test groups and the control untreated group; Mann–Whitney U-test.