. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 5.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Jul 19;834:17–29. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.018

Table 2.

Arithmetic changes in ventilatory parameters elicited by hypoxic or hypercapnic challenges

Study	Parameter	Group	Pre	Challenge	Room-air
Hypoxia	ΔfR, breaths/min	SHAM	104 ± 6	−56 ± 16^a	−160 ± 21^a
		CSNX	98 ± 2	−46 ± 14^a	+5 ± 18^b
	ΔVt, ml	SHAM	1.58 ± 0.10	+16.3 ±1.6	+4.0 ± 0.8
		CSNX	1.25 ± 0.08	8.7 ± l.l^a	−19 ± 5^b
	ΔVe, ml/min	SHAM	250 ± 26	163 ± 11	−35 ± 4^b
		CSNX	210 ± 27	123 ± 7^a	−41 ± 5^b
	ΔTI, sec	SHAM	0.17 ±0.01	0.29 ± 0.01	+74 ± 6^b
		CSNX	0.18 ±0.02	0.31 ± 0.01	+85 ±ll^b
	ΔVt/Ti, ml/sec	SHAM	12.0 ±1.0	5.5 ± 0.4	−54 ± 2^b
		CSNX	10.0 ±1.0	4.0 ± 0.2^a	−59 ± 3^b
Hypercapnia	ΔfR, breaths/min	SHAM	100 ± 5	110 ± 3	+11 ± 7
		CSNX	101 ± 3	111 ±5	+9± 2^b
	ΔVt, ml	SHAM	2.35 ± 0.10	1.94 ± 0.03	−17 ± 3^b
		CSNX	2.16 ± 0.10	1.63 ± 0.05^a	−19 ± 5^b
	ΔVe, ml/min	SHAM	233 ± 6	214 ±8	−8±3^b
		CSNX	218 ± 13	180 ±8	−17 ± 6^b
	ΔTi, sec	SHAM	0.20 ±0.01	0.28 ±0.01	+40 ± 3^b
		CSNX	0.21 ±0.01	0.26 ±0.02	+26 ± 3^b,c
	ΔVt/Ti, ml/sec	SHAM	11.8 ±0.6	7.0 ±0.2	−41 ± 2^b
		CSNX	10.6 ± 1.0	6.3 ±0.6	−39 ± 5^b

The data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. SHAM, sham-operated rats. CSNX, carotid sinus nerve-transected rats. fR, frequency. Vt, tidal volume. Ve, minute ventilation. TI, inspiratory time. Vt/Ti, tidal/volume/inspiratory time. There were 6 rats in each group.

P < 0.05, post-morphine CSNX rats versus post-morphine SHAM rats.

P < 0.05, significant %change from post-morphine.

P < 0.05, morphine response in CSNX rats versus morphine response in SHAM rats.