Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the ACCORD study participants
| Variable | Total=5135 | Event=607 | No event=4528 | P values* |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Intensive treatment, % | 51.9 | 71.3 | 49.3 | <0.0001 |
| Follow-up time, years | 3.76 (1.12) | 2.16 (1.32) | 3.97 (0.90) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | 62.8 (6.8) | 64.8 (7.1) | 62.5 (6.7) | <0.0001 |
| Female, % | 37.2 | 40.9 | 36.8 | 0.0493 |
| Black, % | 19.6 | 29.2 | 18.3 | <0.0001 |
| College degree or higher, % | 24.8 | 18.8 | 25.6 | 0.0003 |
| Health insurance, % | 84.8 | 87.3 | 84.4 | 0.0608 |
| Alcohol use, %, ≥1 drink/week | 23.6 | 21.9 | 23.8 | 0.2975 |
| Current smoker, % | 15.0 | 12.9 | 15.3 | 0.1181 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.4 (5.4) | 31.9 (5.5) | 32.5 (5.4) | 0.0169 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 107.2 (13.6) | 105.7 (13.8) | 107.4 (13.6) | 0.0044 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 135.7 (17.7) | 138.8 (18.4) | 135.3 (17.5) | <0.0001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 74.6 (10.9) | 72.2 (10.9) | 74.9 (10.8) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.65 (1.1) | 4.65 (1.1) | 4.65 (1.1) | 0.9293 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 0.080 (0.020) | 0.087 (0.022) | 0.079 (0.020) | <0.0001 |
| Urinary albumin creatinine ratio† | 15 (7–50) | 21 (9–109) | 14 (7–45) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.34 (1.1) | 8.44 (1.1) | 8.32 (1.1) | 0.0142 |
| Time since diabetes diagnosis, years | 11.0 (7.7) | 14.3 (8.5) | 10.5 (7.5) | <0.0001 |
| Hypoglycemia in the last week, % | 8.6 | 17.6 | 7.4 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, % | 82.9 | 83.4 | 82.9 | <0.0001 |
| Stroke, % | 6.6 | 9.7 | 6.2 | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction, % | 16.4 | 18.3 | 16.2 | 0.1600 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting,% | 12.3 | 15.0 | 11.9 | 0.0019 |
| Individual CVD history, % | 36.9 | 41.9 | 36.3 | 0.0077 |
| Family CVD history, % | 45.8 | 45.3 | 45.9 | 0.7898 |
| Medication, % | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 90.5 | 95.9 | 89.8 | <0.0001 |
| Insulin | 37.0 | 63.1 | 33.5 | <0.0001 |
| Biguanide | 69.2 | 51.6 | 71.6 | <0.0001 |
| Meglitinide | 12.0 | 15.5 | 11.6 | 0.0054 |
| Sulfonylurea | 43.5 | 24.1 | 46.1 | <0.0001 |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | 66.7 | 66.2 | 66.8 | 0.7845 |
*22 or t-test comparing participants with and without severe hypoglycemia event.
†Median and IQR.
ACCORD, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure.