Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Adult subjects (patients and carers).	Individuals 16 years of age and under (eg, mean age of study sample <16).
Intervention	EHR-based interventions, including: Patient access to EHR. EHR-based reminders/messaging. Unidirectional or bidirectional online patient–provider communication systems (care information exchange platforms).	Health reminders only.
Comparison	No intervention (eg, usual care)
Outcome	Any measure related to (1) patient-centredness (eg, patient-reported experience measures), (2) effectiveness (eg, health outcomes); (3) patient safety (eg, identification of medication discrepancies); (4) efficiency (eg, economic evaluation measures and proxies, including service costs, no of consultations/admissions), (5) timeliness (eg, waiting lists, time to treatment) or (5) equity (eg, discrepancies in quality measures between different groups of patients).	Studies that only report cognitive outcomes (eg, intention to), motivational outcomes or other subjective psychological measures.
Study type	Randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials, quasi-experimental, case–control, cohort studies, cost-effectiveness.