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. 2018 Aug 14;13(8):e0202051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202051

Fig 1. Boysenberry polyphenol inhibits endothelial dysfunction and improves vascular function in obese mice.

Fig 1

Wild-type mice were fed normal chow (NC) or a high fat diet (HFD). In some groups, boysenberry polyphenol (BP; 0.1% in the drinking water) was administrated in addition to the HFD (HFD+BP). A. DHE staining of aortas from NC, HFD, and HFD+BP mice (Scale bar = 100 μm). The right graph shows the relative fluorescence intensity of DHE (n = 8, 9, and 9). B. Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of relative p53 expression by EC in the aorta (n = 6, 6, and 6). C. DAR-4M staining of the aorta to detect nitric oxide (Scale bar = 100 μm). The right graph shows the relative fluorescence intensity (n = 9, 9, and 10). D. Western blot analysis of eNOS dimer, eNOS monomer, and α-tubulin in the aorta. The right panel shows quantification of the eNOS dimer/monomer ratio adjusted for α-tubulin (n = 8, 7, and 8). E. The left panel indicates endothelium-dependent relaxation of iliac arteries in response to escalating doses of acetylcholine (Ach). The right panel indicates endothelium-independent relaxation of iliac arteries in response to escalating doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (n = 6, 8, and 8). Data were analyzed by the 2-tailed Student’s t-test (C), 2-way ANOVA (A, B and D), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, or repeated measures followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (E). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Values represent the mean ± SEM.