Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with BSA (Con group), palmitic acid (500 μM) (PA group), or PA (500 μM) + anthocyanins (AC) (10 μg/ml) (PA+AC group). A. DHE staining of HUVECs in Con, PA, and PA+AC groups (Scale bar = 100 μm). The right graph shows the relative fluorescence intensity of DHE (n = 4, 4, and 4). B. Western blot analysis of p53 expression in HUVECs. The right panel displays quantification of p53 relative to the β-actin loading control (n = 3, 3, and 3). C. DAR-4M staining of HUVECs for nitric oxide (Scale bar = 100 μm). The right graph shows the relative fluorescence intensity (n = 4, 4, and 4). D. Western blot analysis of eNOS dimer, eNOS monomer, and α-tubulin expression in HUVECs. The right panel displays quantification of the eNOS dimer/ monomer ratio adjusted for α-tubulin (n = 3, 3, and 3). Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Values represent the mean ± SEM.