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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2018 May 25;230:101–109. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.04.054

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Simvastatin reduces toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Cells were treated with simvastatin (50μM) for 1 hour prior to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. Cell culture media was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). TLR4 stimulation with LPS induced a significant increase in both IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in AVICs (LPS+DMSO vs. ctrl, LPS+DMSO vs. DMSO,*p<0.05). However, treatment with simvastatin (50μM) reduced the TLR4-induced expression of both IL-8 and MCP-1 (LPS+DMSO+simv vs. LPS+DMSO, #p<0.05). Four donors were utilized (N=4).