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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2018 May 25;230:101–109. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.04.054

Figure 6.

Figure 6

In human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs), simvastatin reduces toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). AVICs were treated with simvastatin (50μM) for 1 hour prior to stimulation with TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.2μg/mL). After 1 hour of LPS stimulation, cell lysates were analyzed for phospho- and total NF-κB using immunoblotting and densitometry analysis. TLR4 stimulation resulted in an increase in phosphorylation of NF-κB in both control and simvastatin pre-treated AVICs (LPS vs. ctrl columns, *p<0.05). However, simvastatin treatment reduced the TLR4-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB (LPS+simvastatin [striped bar] vs. LPS [solid bar], #p<0.05). Four donors were utilized (N=4).