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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2018 Sep;129(3):557–575. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002332

Figure 5. The effects of exercise on post fracture gene expression of spinal cord inflammatory mediators.

Figure 5

Inflammatory mediator expression in the lumbar cord innervating the fracture limb was measured by real-time PCR. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, TAC1, RAMP1, CALCA and CALCB (A–C, E–F, H–J) gene expression were up-regulated at 7 weeks post fracture (FX+No Wheel), compared to nonfractured control mice (Control). All these increases were reversed by voluntary wheel running for 4 weeks starting at day 21 after fracture (FX + Wheel). There were no changes in the hindpaw skin expression of NGF (D), TACR1 (G) and CALCRL (K) at 7 weeks post fracture, compared to nonfracture control mice, and exercise had no effects on the post fracture expression of NGF, TACR1, or CALCRL. Values are means ± SD, n=8 per cohort. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc testing. * P< 0.05, ** P< 0.01, *** P< 0.001 for FX+No Wheel or FX + Wheel vs Control, # P< 0.05, ## P< 0.01, ### P< 0.001 for FX + Wheel vs FX+No Wheel.