FIGURE 3.

Pharmacological intervention targeting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) rescues dSO avoidance in Fragile X syndrome flies. (A) Confocal imaging of WT flies catalytic subunit PKA (phospho T198) levels in dSO exposed and unexposed WT fly brains processed in parallel and imaged with same gain. (B) dSO exposure results in an overall significant increase in PKA catalytic subunit (phospho T198) levels in WT brains compared to unexposed control (Student’s t-test P = 0.0226; N = 3). All graphs depict mean ± SEM. (C) 5-day treatment of FMR^B55 flies with 0.05 mg/mL IBMX results in significantly increased avoidance compared to FMR^B55 on vehicle (Student’s t-test P = 0.0282; N = 14). No significant difference in avoidance behavior observed in WT flies following 5-day treatment with 0.05 mg/mL IBMX as compared to vehicle (Student’s t-test P = 0.9379; N = 14). (D) 5-day treatment of FMR1³ flies with 0.05 mg/mL IBMX resulted in a significantly increase in avoidance compared to FMR1³ fed vehicle (Student’s t-test P = 0.0068; N = 13). No significant difference in avoidance behavior observed in FMR1³WTR flies following 5-day treatment with 0.05 mg/mL IBMX as compared to vehicle (Student’s t-test P = 0.02077; N = 13). ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01.