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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2015 Nov 7;58(4):403–409. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.009

Table 2.

Baseline and 10-year changes in personal, psychological, behavioral and socio-environmental factors predicting the likelihood of exiting obesity in young adulthood1

Exiting Obesity2
Characteristic Baseline predictor 10-year change in
predictor3
RR 95%CI p RR 95%CI p
  Age 0.90 0.76, 1.07 0.24 -
  Gender, female 1.09 0.61, 1.95 0.78 -
  Ethnicity
    White Ref -
    Black 1.22 0.67, 2.24
    Hispanic 1.91 0.83, 4.37
    Asian 0.82 0.38, 1.74
    Other/Mixed 0.90 0.31, 2.60
  Socio-economic background
    Low Ref -
    Low-middle 0.89 0.38, 2.10 0.52
    Middle 0.79 0.34, 1.83 0.13
    Middle-high 1.24 0.55, 2.80 0.60
    High 1.36 0.62, 2.98 0.84
  BMI 0.93 0.86, 1.01 0.10 -
Psychological
  Body dissatisfaction 1.03 1.00, 1.06 0.08 0.94 0.92, 0.97 <.001
  Depressive symptoms 1.02 0.94, 1.11 0.64 0.91 0.84, 0.98 0.02
  Self-esteem 1.04 0.95, 1.12 0.41 1.08 1.01, 1.16 0.04
  Weight concern 0.95 0.86, 1.05 0.34 0.90 0.81, 1.00 0.06
Behavioral
  Fruit and vegetables, servings/d 1.04 0.95, 1.15 0.36 1.06 1.01, 1.12 0.02
  Snack foods, servings/d 1.05 0.96, 1.15 0.27 0.91 0.74, 1.11 0.35
  Sugar-sweetened beverages, servings/d 1.04 0.82, 1.31 0.77 0.76 0.56, 1.03 0.08
  Fast food, times/wk 1.07 0.91, 1.27 0.40 0.73 0.61, 0.87 0.001
  Breakfast eating, days/wk 1.00 0.91, 1.10 0.97 1.03 0.92, 1.14 0.64
  MVPA, hours/wk 0.96 0.91, 1.02 0.19 1.06 1.00, 1.12 0.03
  Screen time, hours/wk 0.99 0.97, 1.01 0.23 0.98 0.96, 0.99 0.01
  Any dieting, yes/no 0.56 0.35, 0.88 0.01 0.76 0.48, 1.19 0.23
  Any unhealthy WCB, yes/no 0.75 0.46, 1.22 0.24 0.96 0.56, 1.63 0.88
  Extreme WCB, yes/no 0.82 0.30, 2.23 0.70 0.92 0.50, 1.70 0.78
Socio-Environmental
  Home food availability
    Fruits and vegetables 0.89 0.64, 1.23 0.64 1.58 1.19, 2.09 0.001
    Sweets/snacks 1.32 0.91, 1.92 0.14 0.77 0.55, 1.09 0.14
  Vegetables served at dinner, times/wk 1.14 0.87, 1.48 0.33 1.45 1.10, 1.92 0.01
  Involved in meal preparation, times/wk4 1.04 0.90, 1.21 0.56 -
  Family meals, times/wk 1.02 0.91, 1.14 0.78 1.12 1.03, 1.22 0.01
  Mother physical activity attitudes4 0.97 0.74, 1.28 0.85 -
  Mother healthy eating attitudes4 1.08 0.78, 1.49 0.65 -
  Parent dieting behaviors, yes/no4 1.42 0.72, 2.79 0.31 -
  Mother overweight, yes/no4 0.73 0.45, 1.19 0.20 -
  Peer physical activity attitudes 0.92 0.69, 1.21 0.55 1.36 0.92, 2.00 0.13
  Peer healthy eating attitudes 0.94 0.78, 1.13 0.54 0.90 0.70, 1.17 0.44
  Peer dieting behaviors, yes/no 0.93 0.53, 1.64 0.81 1.27 0.57, 2.85 0.56
  Weight-related teasing, yes/no 0.65 0.39, 1.09 0.10 0.37 0.22, 0.61 <.001

CI=confidence interval; MVPA=moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; WCB=weight control behaviors

Bolded values are statistically significant at p<0.05

1

A risk ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a positive outcome, i.e., an increased likelihood of exiting overweight or obesity to a lower weight status in young adulthood

2

Analyses weighted to account for non-response and adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity and SES

3

Additionally adjusted for baseline value

4

Variables only collected at baseline; Demographics and BMI only examined as baseline predictors