Skip to main content
. 2018 Aug 9;23(32):1800175. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1800175

Table. Exposure to camels and history of camel product consumption in abattoir workers recruited for a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus serological study, Kano, Nigeria, April–November 2016 (n = 311).

Characteristics Exposure duration Self-reported behavioural activities involving camel productsa
< 1 year 1–5 years > 5 years Totala Drinking camel milk Drinking camel urine Using camel urine as medicine
Workers with exposure to camels in abattoir (n = 261)
Direct exposure (n = 243)
  Slaughtering 0 24 89 113 61/113 47/113 47/113
  Butchering 0 6 10 16 7/16 4/16 4/16
  Camel restraint/loading 0 5 11 16 15/16 8/16 8/16
  Cleaning abattoir 0 4 16 20 15/20 12/20 12/20
  Gutting camels 0 1 7 8 4/8 2/8 2/8
  Separating meat from bone 0 1 1 2 0/2 0/2 0/2
  Milking/urine collection 0 2 1 3 3/3 3/3 3/3
  Blood collection 3 2 2 7 0/7 0/7 0/7
  Meat collection/transport/storage 0 10 31 41 26/41 16/41 18/41
  Marketing camels 0 8 52 60 29/60 16/60 16/60
Indirect exposure (n = 18)
  Roasted meat seller 0 0 1 1 1/1 0/1 0/1
  Bone crackingb 0 5 13 18 10/18 9/18 9/18
  Abattoir public service 0 0 1 1 0/1 0/1 0/1
Workers with exposure to other animals in abattoir, but not camels (n = 50)
Direct exposure
  Slaughtering 0 1 0 1 1/1 1/1 1/1
  Butchering 0 3 36 39 19/39 10/39 10/39
  Animal restraint/loading 0 1 3 4 2/4 0/4 0/4
  Cleaning abattoir 0 0 3 3 2/3 1/3 1/3
  Gutting animals 0 0 1 1 1/1 1/1 1/1
  Separating meat from bone 0 1 2 3 0/3 0/3 0/3
  Meat collection/transport/storage 0 1 1 2 0/2 0/2 0/2
  Marketing animals 0 0 4 4 2/4 0/4 0/4
Indirect exposure
  Bone crackingb 0 0 1 1 1/1 0/1 0/1

a Some individuals have multiple exposures. Thus the numbers in the column(s) may add up to a number above 261 (for direct exposure) or 50 (for indirect exposure), respectively.

b Meat is completely removed from the bone and the bone crushed into small pieces for food purposes, flavour and bone meal.