Table. Exposure to camels and history of camel product consumption in abattoir workers recruited for a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus serological study, Kano, Nigeria, April–November 2016 (n = 311).

Characteristics	Exposure duration				Self-reported behavioural activities involving camel productsa
	< 1 year	1–5 years	> 5 years	Totala	Drinking camel milk	Drinking camel urine	Using camel urine as medicine
Workers with exposure to camels in abattoir (n = 261)
Direct exposure (n = 243)
Slaughtering	0	24	89	113	61/113	47/113	47/113
Butchering	0	6	10	16	7/16	4/16	4/16
Camel restraint/loading	0	5	11	16	15/16	8/16	8/16
Cleaning abattoir	0	4	16	20	15/20	12/20	12/20
Gutting camels	0	1	7	8	4/8	2/8	2/8
Separating meat from bone	0	1	1	2	0/2	0/2	0/2
Milking/urine collection	0	2	1	3	3/3	3/3	3/3
Blood collection	3	2	2	7	0/7	0/7	0/7
Meat collection/transport/storage	0	10	31	41	26/41	16/41	18/41
Marketing camels	0	8	52	60	29/60	16/60	16/60
Indirect exposure (n = 18)
Roasted meat seller	0	0	1	1	1/1	0/1	0/1
Bone crackingb	0	5	13	18	10/18	9/18	9/18
Abattoir public service	0	0	1	1	0/1	0/1	0/1
Workers with exposure to other animals in abattoir, but not camels (n = 50)
Direct exposure
Slaughtering	0	1	0	1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Butchering	0	3	36	39	19/39	10/39	10/39
Animal restraint/loading	0	1	3	4	2/4	0/4	0/4
Cleaning abattoir	0	0	3	3	2/3	1/3	1/3
Gutting animals	0	0	1	1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Separating meat from bone	0	1	2	3	0/3	0/3	0/3
Meat collection/transport/storage	0	1	1	2	0/2	0/2	0/2
Marketing animals	0	0	4	4	2/4	0/4	0/4
Indirect exposure
Bone crackingb	0	0	1	1	1/1	0/1	0/1

^a Some individuals have multiple exposures. Thus the numbers in the column(s) may add up to a number above 261 (for direct exposure) or 50 (for indirect exposure), respectively.

^b Meat is completely removed from the bone and the bone crushed into small pieces for food purposes, flavour and bone meal.