TABLE 3.
Highest ranked contributing factors to low back pain (Delphi study, n = 15).
| Contributing factor | Frequency |
|
|---|---|---|
| n | % | |
| 1. Compensation situations (e.g. injuries at work places) | 11 | 73.3 |
| 2. Physically demanding works | 12 | 80.0 |
| 3. Trauma or injury at the back | 12 | 80.0 |
| 4. Whole-body vibration | 12 | 80.0 |
| 5. Fear avoidance beliefs | 13 | 86.7 |
| 6. History of back pain | 13 | 86.7 |
| 7. Twisting and bending of the spine | 13 | 86.7 |
| 8. Flexion combined with compressive forces | 14 | 93.3 |
| 9. Repetitive heavy lifting | 14 | 93.3 |
Source: Authors’ own work