Figure 1.

(1) Spring emergence mass of female Columbian ground squirrels (3 years of age and older) in the current year (successful breeders, N = 319, failed at birth, N = 34, failed to wean, N = 39); (2) weaning mass of females in the current year (successful breeders, N = 313, failed to wean, N = 15); and (3) spring emergence mass the next year (successful breeders in the previous year, N = 218, previously failed at birth, N = 20, previously failed to wean, N = 27). Significance determined with Tukey's HSD test and indicated by different letters. Results are given as means ± SD