Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| First author and year | Country | Study type | Treatment duration (days) | Total n of patients (m/f) | Type of creatine (form) | Daily dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Watanabe et al., 2002 | Japan | RCT | 5 days | 24 (19/5) | Creatine monohydrate (tbs) | 8g (in 4 doses) |
| Rae et al., 2003 | Australia | Cross-over RCT | 6 weeks | 45 (12/33) | Creatine monohydrate (liquid) | 5g |
| McMorris et al., 2007a | UK | RCT | 2 weeks | 32 (16/16) | Creatine monohydrate (liquid) | 20 g (in 4 doses) |
| Rawson et al., 2008 | USA | RCT | 6 weeks | 22 (13/9) | Creatine monohydrate (caps) | 0.03 g/kg |
| Ling et al., 2009 | UK | RCT | 2 weeks | 34 (22/12) | Creatine ethylester (liquid) | 5g |
| Benton and Donohoe, 2011 | UK | RCT | 5 days | 121a (0/121) | Creatine monohydrate (tbs) | 20 g |
RCT: randomized controlled trial, tbs.: tablets, caps: capsules.
a
n = 51 were meat eaters, n = 70 were vegans/vegetarians.