. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 13.

Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2018 Jun 13;558(7710):445–448. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0213-0

Extended Data Table 1.

List of causes for lack of pigmentation

Unpigmented because of	Name	Mechanism
Chemical treatment	1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU)	Blocking of the enzyme tyrosinase²⁹ → melanocytes do not contain melanin
Genetic cause	nacre (mitfa^w2)	Mutation in the transcription factor mitfa³² → melanocytes are absent
	sandy (tyr^tk20)	Mutation in the enzyme Tyrosinase³³ → melanocytes do not contain melanin
	roy (mpv17^a9)	Mutation in the mpv17 mitochondrial inner membrane protein³⁴ → iridophores are absent
	casper (mitfa^w2/w2; mpv17^a9/a9)	double homozygous for nacre and roy³⁴ → melanocytes and iridophores are absent