Table 3.
Prevalence ([%] and 95% confidence intervals) of participants by RLS and PLMS categories: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis 2011–2013
| Participant characteristics | Electro-clinical RLS | RLS, no PLMS | PLMs, no RLS | No RLS, No PLMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N* | 137 | 328 | 433 | 1143 |
| Overall prevalence | 6.7 (5.6–7.8) | 16.1 (14.5–17.7) | 21.2 (19.4–23.0) | 56.0 (53.8–58.2) |
| Demographics | ||||
| Race | ||||
| White | 7.0 (5.2–8.9) | 15.3 (12.7–17.9) | 26.4 (23.2–29.6) | 51.3 (47.7–54.9) |
| Black | 4.9 (3.1–6.7) | 20.3 (17.0–23.6) | 11.4 (8.8–14.0) | 63.5 (59.5–67.4) |
| Hispanic | 10.1 (7.4–12.7) | 17.5 (14.1–20.8) | 21.8 (18.1–25.4) | 50.7 (46.3–55.2) |
| Chinese-American | 3.3 (1.0–5.6) | 5.8 (2.8–8.7) | 27.6 (21.9–33.2) | 63.4 (57.3–69.5) |
| Age | ||||
| ≤67 years | 5.7 (4.2–7.1) | 16.9 (14.6–19.2) | 15.2 (13.0–17.4) | 62.3 (59.3–65.3) |
| >67 years | 7.8 (6.1–9.4) | 15.3 (13.1–17.5) | 27.3 (24.5–30.0) | 49.7 (46.6–52.7) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 6.2 (4.7–7.8) | 11.6 (9.6–13.7) | 25.2 (22.5–28.0) | 56.9 (53.8–60.1) |
| Female | 7.1 (5.6–8.7) | 19.9 (17.6–22.3) | 17.7 (15.5–20.0) | 55.2 (52.3–58.2) |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 8.2 (6.0–10.3) | 16.6 (13.7–19.5) | 23.4 (20.1–26.6) | 51.9 (48.0–55.8) |
| College/associates | 7.5 (5.4–9.7) | 19.4 (16.2–22.6) | 17.8 (14.7–20.8) | 55.3 (51.3–59.3) |
| Bachelors/graduate | 4.9 (3.4–6.4) | 13.0 (10.6–15.3) | 22.1 (19.2–24.9) | 60.1 (56.7–63.5) |
| Annual income | ||||
| <$25000 | 7.4 (5.2–9.7) | 16.2 (13.0–19.3) | 24.2 (20.5–27.8) | 52.2 (48.0–56.5) |
| $25000–$39999 | 8.6 (5.7–11.5) | 21.3 (17.1–25.6) | 19.4 (15.3–23.5) | 50.7 (45.5–55.9) |
| $40000–$74000 | 4.6 (2.8–6.4) | 13.4 (10.5–16.3) | 21.6 (18.1–25.2) | 60.3 (56.1–64.6) |
| >$74000 | 6.7 (4.7–8.8) | 14.0 (11.2–16.9) | 18.8 (15.6–22.1) | 60.4 (56.3–64.4) |
| Behavioral and physiologic characteristics | ||||
| BMI | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 5.2 (3.4–7.1) | 13.2 (10.3–16.0) | 23.4 (19.9–27.0) | 58.2 (54.1–62.3) |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 7.2 (5.3–9.0) | 16.8 (14.1–19.4) | 21.8 (18.9–24.8) | 54.2 (50.7–57.8) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 7.4 (5.5–9.4) | 17.6 (14.8–20.5) | 18.6 (15.8–21.5) | 56.3 (52.7–59.9) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 5.9 (4.4–7.4) | 15.2 (12.9–17.5) | 19.8 (17.3–22.3) | 59.2 (56.0–62.3) |
| Former | 7.7 (5.9–9.4) | 16.2 (13.8–18.5) | 24.2 (21.5–27.0) | 51.9 (48.7–55.2) |
| Current | 6.2 (2.2–10.2) | 22.1 (15.2–28.9) | 12.4 (7.0–17.8) | 59.3 (51.2–67.4) |
| Use alcohol | 6.5 (4.9–8.1) | 15.6 (13.2–18.0) | 22.8 (20.0–25.6) | 55.1 (51.8–58.4) |
| CES-D | ||||
| <16 | 6.6 (5.5–7.8) | 14.8 (13.1–16.5) | 21.7 (19.7–23.6) | 56.9 (54.5–59.2) |
| ≥16 | 6.9 (4.0–9.8) | 23.8 (18.9–28.7) | 18.6 (14.1–23.1) | 50.7 (44.9–56.5) |
| Medication use† | ||||
| No | 6.1 (4.9–7.2) | 15.5 (13.8–17.2) | 21.0 (19.1–22.9) | 57.4 (55.1–59.7) |
| Yes | 10.2 (6.6–13.7) | 19.6 (15.0–24.3) | 22.8 (17.9–27.7) | 47.4 (41.5–53.2) |
*N total = 2041.
†Use of benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, non-tricyclic antidepressants other than MAOI, or norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors.