Table 2.
Association Between Children’s Education and Physiological Dysregulation of Older Parents
| HPA/SNS (P) | Inflammation (P) | CV/metabolic (NB) | Overall PD (NB) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model (M)1 | ||||
| Children’s education | 0.005 (.036) | −0.160 (0.036)*** | −0.038 (0.033) | −0.058 (0.023)* |
| M2: M1 + Respondent’s & Spouse’s SES | ||||
| Children’s education | 0.012 (.042) | −0.084 (0.041)* | −0.018 (0.038) | −0.025 (0.026) |
| M3: M2 + Respondent’s health | ||||
| Children’s education | 0.012 (.042) | −0.094 (0.042)* | −0.034 (0.037) | −0.038 (0.026) |
| M4: M3 + Gender interaction term | ||||
| Children’s education | −0.008 (0.062) | −0.087 (0.053) | 0.034 (.048) | −0.013 (0.033) |
| Female | 0.891 (0.103)*** | −0.129 (0.101) | 0.092 (.084) | 0.240 (0.059)*** |
| Children’s education × Female | 0.030 (0.069) | −0.016 (0.067) | −0.130 (0.058)* | −0.046 (0.040) |
Notes: CV = cardiovascular; HPA/SNS = hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system; NB = negative binomial regression model; P = Poisson regression model; PD = physiological dysregulation. Model 1 (baseline) controls for all confounding variables. The measure of children’s education is standardized (mean = 0, SD = 1).
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.