Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and correlates of current smoking among of 457 male and 753 female individuals with HIV infection in Klerksdorp, South Africa
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 457) | Non-smoker (n = 218) | Smoker (n = 239) | p* | Total (n = 753) | Non-smoker (n = 653) | Smoker (n = 100) | p* | |
| Age (years), n (%) | ||||||||
| <36 | 96 (21) | 38 (17) | 58 (24) | .01 | 235 (31) | 207 (32) | 28 (28) | .32 |
| 36–43 | 102 (22) | 39 (18) | 63 (26) | 191 (25) | 164 (25) | 27 (27) | ||
| 44–49 | 127 (28) | 65 (30) | 62 (26) | 158 (21) | 142 (22) | 16 (16) | ||
| ≥50 | 132 (29) | 76 (35) | 56 (23) | 168 (22) | 140 (21) | 28 (28) | ||
| Education, n (%) | ||||||||
| <Grade 12 | 371 (81) | 177 (81) | 194 (81) | 1.00 | 617 (82) | 532 (81) | 85 (85) | .49 |
| Grade 12 or higher | 86 (19) | 41 (19) | 45 (19) | 136 (18) | 121 (19) | 15 (15) | ||
| Employment, n (%) | ||||||||
| Employed | 149 (33) | 75 (34) | 74 (31) | .48 | 125 (17) | 104 (16) | 21 (21) | .20 |
| Unemployed | 308 (67) | 143 (66) | 165 (69) | 628 (83) | 549 (84) | 79 (79) | ||
| Household income, n (%) | ||||||||
| <1000 | 160 (35) | 70 (32) | 90 (38) | .24 | 319 (42) | 275 (42) | 44 (44) | .75 |
| >1000 | 297 (65) | 148 (68) | 149 (62) | 434 (58) | 378 (58) | 56 (56) | ||
| Disability grants, n (%) | 81 (18) | 36 (17) | 45 (19) | .54 | 125 (17) | 106 (16) | 19 (19) | .47 |
| Current living situation, n (%) | ||||||||
| House/Flat | 330 (72) | 159 (73) | 171 (72) | .75 | 575 (76) | 505 (77) | 70 (70) | .13 |
| Shack/Homeless | 127 (28) | 59 (27) | 68 (28) | 178 (24) | 148 (23) | 30 (30) | ||
| Number of people in living situation, median (IQR) | 4 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | .39 | 4 (3, 5) | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | <.001 |
| Number of people in living situation, n (%) | ||||||||
| <3 | 124 (27) | 59 (27) | 65 (27) | .85 | 150 (20) | 118 (18) | 32 (32) | .005 |
| 3–5 | 258 (56) | 121 (56) | 137 (57) | 425 (56) | 374 (57) | 51 (51) | ||
| >5 | 75 (16) | 38 (17) | 37 (15) | 178 (24) | 161 (25) | 17 (17) | ||
| Number of rooms, median (IQR) | 4 (2, 4) | 4 (3, 5) | 4 (2, 4) | .04 | 4 (2, 4) | 4 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | .07 |
| Number of rooms, n (%) | ||||||||
| ≤4 | 359 (79) | 132 (75) | 196 (82) | .07 | 595 (79) | 515 (79) | 80 (80) | .90 |
| >4 | 98 (21) | 55 (25) | 43 (18) | 158 (21) | 138 (21) | 20 (20) | ||
| Crowding (people per room) | 1 (0.7, 1.5) | 1 (0.7, 1.5) | 1 (0.8, 1.5) | .57 | 1 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.8 (1, 1.8) | 0.8 (1, 1.5) | .11 |
| Mobile phone for self, n (%) | 373 (82) | 187 (86) | 186 (78) | .03 | 646 (86) | 558 (85) | 88 (88) | .64 |
| CD4 Count, median (IQR) | 292 (150, 458) | 277 (156, 451) | 313 (146, 481) | .49 | 388 (243, 564) | 389 (243, 564) | 371 (246, 577) | .90 |
| Viral Load, cells/mL, median (IQR) | 45 (25, 6664) | 28 (24, 5400) | 110 (25, 8173) | .03 | 25 (25–2500) | 25 (25–2905) | 25 (25–603) | .87 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 20.5 (18.7, 23.3) | 21.5 (19.2, 24.6) | 19.9 (18.3, 21.8) | <.0001 | 24.7 (20.9, 29.2) | 24.8 (21.0, 29.5) | 23.4 (10.7, 28.3) | .12 |
| Other substance use | ||||||||
| Ever marijuana use, n (%) | 137 (31) | 22 (11) | 115 (48) | <.0001 | 17 (2) | 8 (1) | 9 (9) | <.0001 |
| Weekly marijuana, n (%) | 34 (8) | 3 (2) | 31 (13) | <.0001 | 3 (.4) | 0 (—) | 3 (3) | .003 |
| Snuff use, n (%) | 11 (3) | 9 (5) | 2 (1) | .03 | 304 (43) | 294 (49) | 10 (10) | <.0001 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 55 (48) | 14 (26) | 41 (66) | <.0001 | 54 (24) | 41 (21) | 13 (57) | <.001 |
*Bold values statistically significant at p < .05.