Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics
| Mean (SD) or N | t or χ2 | p | Mean (SD) or N | t or χ2 | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH (n = 29) | MCI (n = 20) | aMCI (n = 12) | naMCI (n = 8) | |||||
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 75.3 (8.8) | 73.4 (7.7) | .79 | .436 | 73.8 (7.8) | 72.9 (8.0) | −.24 | .811 |
| Gender (male/female) | 22/7 | 13/7 | .68 | .524 | 5/7 | 2/6 | .59 | .642 |
| Education (years) | 16.5 (2.2) | 16.2 (2.6) | .54 | .594 | 15.4 (2.6) | 17.3 (2.2) | 1.64 | .119 |
| Handedness (R/L) | 27/2 | 19/1 | .07 | 1.00 | 11/1 | 8/0 | .70 | 1.00 |
| APOE (non-ɛ4/ ɛ4) | 19/9 | 13/6 | <.01 | 1.00 | 7/4 | 6/2 | .28 | 1.00 |
| GDS | 2.9 (2.9) | 4.2 (4.0) | 1.31 | .198 | 4.3 (4.3) | 3.9 (3.7) | −.25 | .808 |
| FSRP Stroke Risk (%) | 11.9 (8.1) | 9.3 (6.2) | 1.21 | .233 | 9.3 (5.3) | 9.3 (7.0) | −.01 | .994 |
| ILS Money T-score | 56.2 (3.5) | 54.5 (4.0) | 1.60 | .118 | 54.5 (3.9) | 54.4 (4.5) | −.03 | .976 |
| ILS Health/Safety T-score | 55.1 (5.0) | 53.1 (6.0) | 1.24 | .220 | 52.8 (5.2) | 53.3 (6.8) | −.20 | .841 |
| Neuropsychological performance Year 1 | ||||||||
| Premorbid Estimate (ANART VIQ) | 121.3 (4.7) | 118.1 (6.2) | 2.07 | .044* | 117.3 (6.3) | 119.1 (6.3) | .67 | .510 |
| DRS | 140.7 (3.3) | 138.0 (5.0) | 2.11 | .043* | 136.9 (5.6) | 139.6 (3.8) | 1.19 | .250 |
| LM Immediate | 30.6 (6.3) | 21.9 (8.0) | 4.25 | <.001* | 19.2 (8.2) | 25.9 (6.2) | 1.97 | .064 |
| LM Delayed | 28.3 (7.2) | 16.0 (9.0) | 5.30 | <.001* | 11.8 (7.8) | 22.4 (7.0) | 3.10 | .006* |
| VR Immediate | 33.1 (4.8) | 28.9 (6.1) | 2.65 | .011* | 28.3 (4.9) | 29.9 (7.8) | .58 | .570 |
| VR Delayed | 29.1 (6.2) | 16.2 (10.1) | 5.41 | <.001* | 12.8 (8.2) | 21.4 (11.0) | 2.01 | .059 |
| CVLT-II List A 1–5 Total | 50.7 (9.9) | 38.6 (9.2) | 4.30 | <.001* | 34.4 (8.9) | 44.9 (5.4) | 2.95 | .009* |
| CVLT-II Long Delay Free Recall | 11.7 (3.0) | 6.8 (3.9) | 4.90 | <.001* | 5.3 (3.7) | 9.1 (3.2) | 2.40 | .027* |
| Neuropsychological performance Year 2 | ||||||||
| DRS | 141.5 (1.9) | 140.0 (5.1) | 1.03 | .317 | 138.7 (6.6) | 141.3 (2.9) | .94 | .366 |
| LM Immediate | 32.9 (6.5) | 23.4 (9.5) | 3.32 | .003* | 18.7 (7.8) | 28.1 (9.2) | 2.07 | .061 |
| LM Delayed | 30.5 (7.3) | 16.9 (9.7) | 4.99 | <.001* | 11.9 (8.5) | 22.0 (8.4) | 2.24 | .045* |
| VR Immediate | 34.1 (3.3) | 29.6 (4.5) | 3.59 | .001* | 28.0 (4.7) | 31.3 (3.9) | 1.43 | .180 |
| VR Delayed | 29.6 (6.8) | 18.6 (11.6) | 3.26 | .004* | 15.6 (13.2) | 21.7 (9.7) | .99 | .341 |
| CVLT-II List A 1–5 Total | 52.4 (9.2) | 40.9 (13.1) | 3.23 | .003* | 35.7 (13.4) | 46.1 (11.4) | 1.57 | .143 |
| CVLT-II Long Delay Free Recall | 11.7 (3.0) | 8.1 (5.3) | 2.37 | .030* | 6.1 (5.5) | 10.0 (4.7) | 1.42 | .182 |
*Significant difference at p < .05 level. One participant was missing APOE ɛ4 allele status. GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; FSRP = Framingham Stroke Risk Profile; ILS = Independent Living Scales; ANART = American National Adult Reading Test; DRS = Dementia Rating Scale; LM = Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised Logical Memory subtest; VR = Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised Visual Reproduction subtest; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test—2nd Edition.