Table 2.

Multiple Regressions Predicting Grandparent Support of Adult Grandchild from Affection, Family Needs, and Parent Support

Parameter	Listening		Emotional support		Companionship		Advice		Financial support
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Intercept	9.16***	2.40	5.82*	2.57	6.40**	2.04	9.06***	2.55	4.20*	1.82
Grandparent affective ties with grandchilda	0.54***	0.16	0.51**	0.17	0.50***	0.13	0.34	0.17	0.22	0.12
Grandparent affective ties with parenta	−0.29	0.21	−0.26	0.23	−0.15	0.17	−0.20	0.22	0.05	0.16
Grandchild needs
Grandchild: Having life problemsb	0.27	0.28	0.34	0.30	0.09	0.23	−0.07	0.30	−0.16	0.21
Grandchild: Student statusc	0.67	0.45	0.35	0.49	0.48	0.36	0.57	0.48	0.55	0.34
Grandchild: Not marriedD	−0.35	0.33	0.08	0.35	−0.24	0.26	−0.48	0.35	−0.18	0.25
Parent needs
Parent: Having life problemsb	0.39	0.29	0.81*	0.32	−0.15	0.24	0.21	0.31	0.04	0.22
Parent: Not employed for paye	0.26	0.31	0.40	0.33	0.58*	0.25	0.62	0.33	0.59*	0.23
Parent: Not marriedd	−0.15	0.32	0.08	0.34	0.07	0.26	−0.05	0.34	−0.14	0.24
Parent support of grandchildf	0.23*	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.24***	0.07	0.31***	0.09	0.12	0.06
Covariates
Grandparent
Age	−0.09***	0.02	−0.03	0.03	−0.05*	0.02	−0.07*	0.03	−0.02	0.02
Genderg	−0.05	0.29	−0.02	0.32	0.32	0.24	0.19	0.31	0.18	0.22
Years of education	−0.10	0.06	−0.07	0.07	−0.09	0.05	−0.21**	0.07	−0.05	0.05
Physical healthh	−0.10	0.12	−0.25	0.13	−0.09	0.10	−0.18	0.13	−0.10	0.09
Number of adult grandchildren	−0.00	0.03	−0.08*	0.04	0.01	0.03	−0.03	0.04	−0.03	0.03
Geographic distance from grandchild	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00*	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Parent
Genderg	−0.13	0.29	−0.02	0.31	−0.38	0.23	−0.21	0.30	−0.03	0.21
Grandchild
Age	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.03	−0.01	0.02
Genderg	−0.41	0.27	−0.18	0.29	−0.32	0.22	−0.09	0.28	−0.13	0.20
Adjusted R2	.24		.19		.28		.21		.08

Note: Support was rated 1 = less than once a year or never, 2 = yearly, 3 = a few times a year, 4 = monthly, 5 = a few times a month, 6 = weekly, 7 = a few times a week, and 8 = daily. Grandparents’ affective ties and family needs were not significant for practical help.

^aAverage scores of two items rated 1 = not at all, 2 = a little bit, 3 = somewhat, 4 = quite a bit, and 5 = a great deal.

^b1 = having at least one problem and 0 = reporting no problem.

^c1 = student and 0 = not student.

^d1 = not married and 0 = married/remarried.

^e1 = not employed and 0 = employed for pay.

^fType of parent support corresponding to the outcome variable of each model.

^g1 = male and 0 = female.

^h1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = very good, and 5 = excellent.

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.