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. 2018 Feb 19;73(9):1147–1157. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly031

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 7. — Effects of chronic d-galactose treatment in male and female mice at 6 months of age assessed “day by day” for perceptual visual learning and memory (CUE) and spatial reference learning and memory (PT1–PT4) in the Morris water maze. Data are expressed by mean ± SEM. Square: male animals; circle: female animals. White: saline, gray: 50 mg/kg d-galactose; black: 100 mg/kg d-galactose. ANOVA 2 × 3: t, time effect; S, gender effect; t × S, time × gender interaction; S × T, gender × treatment interaction; *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. Post hoc Duncan’s test: ^sp < .05, ^ssp < .01 versus the corresponding male group; *p < .05, **p < .01 versus the corresponding saline group.