Table 3.
Odds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), and Wald Test p Values for Cigarette-only, Cigar-only, and Dual Use Smoking Observations From Univariate GEE Analysis (N = 64)
| Cigarette-only use1 | Cigar-only use2 | Dual use3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Baseline factors | ||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Female | 1.06 | 0.65,1.73 | 0.99 | 0.44, 2.26 | 1.02 | 0.54, 1.95 |
| 18–24 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 25–29 years | 0.88 | 0.53, 1.45 | 1.00 | 0.44, 2.26 | 0.96 | 0.50, 1.84 |
| HS/GED or less | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Higher than HS/GED | 1.01 | 0.61, 1.68 | 1.77 | 0.81, 3.90* | 0.67 | 0.34, 1.32 |
| <$100 spending per week | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| ≥$100 | 1.01 | 0.62, 1.67 | 0.92 | 0.41, 2.04 | 1.18 | 0.63, 2.22 |
| Cigarette preferred | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Cigar/no preference | 0.42 | 0.23, 0.75*** | 4.77 | 2.32, 9.84*** | 0.48 | 0.22, 1.03* |
| FTCD: Very low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Low | 1.84 | 1.01, 3.34 | 0.52 | 0.22, 1.27 | 2.05 | 0.92, 4.60 |
| Moderate | 1.27 | 0.70, 2.28 | 0.43 | 0.13, 1.48 | 3.51 | 1.52, 8.11 |
| High or very high | 2.11 | 0.96, 4.61* | 0.30 | 0.07, 1.33 | 2.74 | 0.95, 7.90** |
| Momentary personal factors | ||||||
| Cigarette craving | 1.07 | 1.03, 1.11*** | 0.85 | 0.78, 0.94** | 1.03 | 0.99, 1.07 |
| Cigar craving | 0.95 | 0.91, 0.99** | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.14*** | 1.07 | 1.03, 1.12*** |
| Bored | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.07 |
| Stressed | 1.02 | 0.98, 1.06 | 0.99 | 0.94, 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.98, 1.06 |
| Relaxed | 0.97 | 0.94, 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.92, 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.00, 1.06 |
| Money for pref. product | 1.08 | 0.80, 1.46 | 1.25 | 0.74, 2.12 | 1.18 | 0.85, 1.63 |
| Momentary environmental factors | ||||||
| Cigarette location4: Home | 0.68 | 0.51, 0.91** | — | — | 1.00 | 0.80, 1.27 |
| Outside | 1.78 | 1.34, 2.35*** | — | — | 1.07 | 0.83, 1.37 |
| Vehicle | 1.12 | 0.80, 1.58 | — | — | 1.03 | 0.81, 1.32 |
| Work | 0.98 | 0.67, 1.43 | — | — | 0.80 | 0.57, 1.11* |
| Bar or restaurant | 1.28 | 0.82, 1.99 | — | — | 1.00 | 0.68, 1.47 |
| Others’ home | 0.90 | 0.66, 1.24 | — | — | 1.29 | 0.91, 1.82* |
| Other place | 0.68 | 0.37, 1.27 | — | — | 0.47 | 0.25, 0.88** |
| Cigar location4: Home | — | — | 0.85 | 0.57, 1.27 | 1.09 | 0.81, 1.47 |
| Outside | — | — | 1.25 | 0.83, 1.88 | 1.08 | 0.81, 1.44 |
| Vehicle | — | — | 2.17 | 1.21, 3.87*** | 0.81 | 0.57, 1.17 |
| Work | — | — | 0.50 | 0.25, 1.00* | 0.63 | 0.45, 0.90** |
| Bar or restaurant | — | — | 0.67 | 0.25, 1.78 | 0.77 | 0.50, 1.19 |
| Others’ home | — | — | 0.86 | 0.56, 1.31 | 1.68 | 1.21, 2.34*** |
| Other place | — | — | 0.60 | 0.23, 1.53 | 0.55 | 0.29, 1.07* |
| Cigarette social context5 | ||||||
| Alone | 1.48 | 1.19, 1.83*** | — | — | 0.84 | 0.67, 1.05* |
| With others | 0.67 | 0.52, 0.86** | — | — | 1.25 | 0.97, 1.61* |
| Cigar social context5 | ||||||
| Alone | — | — | 1.00 | 0.68, 1.46 | 0.72 | 0.55, 0.93** |
| With others | — | — | 0.88 | 0.57, 1.36 | 1.67 | 1.28, 2.19*** |
***Wald test p < .01, **Wald test p < .05, *Wald test p < .20. For FTCD, test was for variable as a whole. HS: High school; GED: general education diploma; FTCD: Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence.
1Odds of cigarette-only smoking versus other observations (includes cigar-only smoking, dual use, and nonsmoking).
2Odds of cigar-only smoking versus other observations (includes cigarette-only smoking, dual use, and nonsmoking).
3Odds of dual use versus other observations (includes cigarette-only smoking, cigar-only smoking and nonsmoking).
4Each location versus all other locations.
5Each social context versus all other contexts.