Table 3.

Standardized Associations Between Walking Speed and Physical Activity After Adjusting for Grip and Quadriceps Strength

Model Paths	Adjusted for Grip Strengtha	Adjusted for Quad Strengtha
Predictive associations
BL walking speed → early Δwalking amount	.08 (.02)*	.08 (.02)*
BL walking amount → early Δwalking speed	.05 (.02)*	.05 (.02)*
BL walking speed → later Δwalking amount	.16 (.03)*	.18 (.03)*
BL walking amount → later Δwalking speed	.001 (.03)	.004 (.03)
Early Δwalking speed → later Δwalking amount	.12 (.03)*	.13 (.03)*
Early Δwalking amount → later Δwalking speed	−.01 (.03)	−.01 (.02)
Residual correlations
BL walking speed ↔ BL walking amount	.09 (.02)*	.08 (.02)*
Early Δwalking speed ↔ early Δwalking amount	.11 (.02)	.11 (.02)*
Late Δwalking speed ↔ late Δwalking amount	.07 (.02)*	.08 (.02)*

Note: BL = baseline; PA = physical activity as indexed by self-reported walking (min/wk). Standardized estimates (and standard errors) are shown.

^aCovariates also include clinical site, education, age, race, baseline body mass index, gender, baseline smoking and drinking status, and prevalent diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.

*p < .0056.