Table 2.
Relative risk of mortality from legal killing, as a proportion of all radiocollared wolves (Canis lupus or C. rufus) that had known fates or unknown fates (disappeared or unknown cause of death) for 4 wolf populations with n (number of known fates), m (number of unknown fates), and Legal (number of marked animals killed legally). NRM = Northern Rocky Mountains.
| Populationa | Known fates (n) | Unknown fates (m)b | Known + unknown fates (n + m)b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wisconsin gray | 0.12 | 0 | 0.06 |
| NRM gray | 0.40 | 0 | 0.24 |
| Mexican gray | 0.33 | 0 | 0.25 |
| Red | 0.13 | 0 | 0.08 |
aWisconsin 1979–2012 n = 221, m = 210, Legal = 27 (Treves et al. 2017b) from their Table 2; NRM 1982–2004 n = 320, m = 206, Legal = 128 (Murray et al. 2010) from their Table 2; Mexican 1998–2015 n = 155, m = 53 (8 unknown, 6 awaiting necropsy, 39 lost signals), Legal = 51 (including permanent removals, and “Other causes of death include capture-related mortalities and legal shootings by the public”), from USFWS (2015); Siminski (2016); USFWS (2016a, 2016c, 2016b, 2016d); North Carolina red wolves 1999–2007 n = 111, m = 55, Legal = 22 “management” (USFWS 2007) citing Murray, unpublished; however, Murray et al. (2015) reported n = 91, m = 58, Legal = 5. We report the median of the 2 red wolf values.