Table 2.
Resting haemodynamics
| Non-PH-HFpEF (n = 21) | IpcPH-HFpEF (n = 95) | CpcPH-HFpEF (n = 45) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 65 ± 12 | 63 ± 11 | 62 ± 14 | 0.6 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 155 ± 25 | 153 ± 33 | 159 ± 29 | 0.7 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 103 ± 13 | 103 ± 18 | 105 ± 18 | 0.9 |
| Central pressures | ||||
| RA pressure (mmHg) | 10 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 13 ± 5 | 0.1 |
| RA v wave pressure (mmHg) | 11 ± 4 | 14 ± 4a | 14 ± 5a | 0.02 |
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg) | 36 ± 11 | 46 ± 11a | 60 ± 12a,b | <0.0001 |
| PA mean pressure (mmHg) | 21 ± 4 | 31 ± 6a | 39 ± 6a,b | <0.0001 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 18 ± 4 | 21 ± 5a | 20 ± 4 | 0.03 |
| RAP/PCWP ratio | 0.56 ± 0.19 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.63 ± 0.18 | 0.3 |
| LVTMP (mmHg) | 8.2 ± 4.2 | 8.9 ± 4.5 | 7.6 ± 3.9 | 0.3 |
| Vascular and ventricular function | ||||
| SVR (dynes/s × cm5) | 1441 ± 446 | 1418 ± 519 | 1809 ± 713b | 0.01 |
| TAC (mL/mmHg) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.3b | 0.01 |
| Ea-S (mmHg/mL) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.9b | 0.003 |
| PVR (dynes/s × cm5) | 67 ± 50 | 154 ± 53a | 356 ± 103a,b | <0.0001 |
| TPR (mmHg × min/L) | 4.49 ± 1.46 | 6.12 ± 1.78a | 9.63 ± 2.22a,b | <0.0001 |
| PAC (mL/mmHg) | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 3.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8a,b | 0.0003 |
| Ea-P (mmHg/mL) | 0.40 ± 0.09 | 0.50 ± 0.19a | 0.81 ± 0.25a,b | <0.0001 |
| RVSW index (g/m2 × beat) | 5.7 ± 3.8 | 11.3 ± 4.5a | 12.8 ± 5.6a | <0.0001 |
| Flow measures and metabolism | ||||
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 40 ± 11 | 44 ± 13 | 36 ± 11b | 0.004 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.6a,b | <0.0001 |
| O2 consumption (mL/min/kg) | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 0.4 |
| A–V O2 difference (mL/dL) | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.2b | 0.005 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation. Final column reflects overall group differences. No adjustment for multiple hypotheses testing of different variables was performed.
BP, blood pressure; CpcPH, combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; Ea, effective arterial elastance; Ea-P, pulmonary arterial elastance; Ea-S, systemic arterial elastance; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; IpcPH, isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension; LVTMP, left ventricular transmural pressure; PA, pulmonary artery; PAC, pulmonary arterial compliance; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RA, right atrial; RAP, right atrial pressure; RVSW, right ventricular stroke work; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TAC, total arterial compliance; TPR, total pulmonary resistance.
P < 0.05 vs. non-PH-HFpEF.
P < 0.05 vs. IpcPH-HFpEF.