Table 3.
Exercise haemodynamics
| Non-PH-HFpEF (n = 21) | IpcPH-HFpEF (n = 95) | CpcPH-HFpEF (n = 45) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work load (W) | 42 ± 20 | 32 ± 15a | 31 ± 14a | 0.03 |
| O2 consumption (mL/min/kg) | 10.5 ± 4.6 | 8.2 ± 2.5a | 7.6 ± 2.2a | 0.003 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 102 ± 25 | 93 ± 20 | 101 ± 23 | 0.1 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 195 ± 33 | 182 ± 39 | 177 ± 43 | 0.4 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 124 ± 19 | 118 ± 24 | 114 ± 25 | 0.5 |
| Central pressures | ||||
| RA pressure (mmHg) | 17 ± 6 | 22 ± 6a | 26 ± 8a,b | <0.0001 |
| RA v wave pressure (mmHg) | 18 ± 9 | 26 ± 7a | 29 ± 9a | 0.0005 |
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg) | 54 ± 13 | 68 ± 14a | 82 ± 19a,b | <0.0001 |
| PA mean pressure (mmHg) | 39 ± 8 | 48 ± 8a | 59 ± 11a,b | <0.0001 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 30 ± 5 | 34 ± 6 | 32 ± 7 | 0.1 |
| RAP/PCWP ratio | 0.55 ± 0.18 | 0.64 ± 0.16 | 0.84 ± ± 0.27a,b | <0.0001 |
| LVTMP (mmHg) | 13.1 ± 5.1 | 12.6 ± 6.5 | 6.2 ± 9.0a,b | 0.0003 |
| Vascular and ventricular function | ||||
| SVR (dynes/s × cm5) | 1016 ± 261 | 1041 ± 366 | 1221 ± 556 | 0.2 |
| TAC (mL/mmHg) | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.9b | 0.01 |
| Ea-S (mmHg/mL) | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.1b | 0.02 |
| PVR (dynes/s × cm5) | 106 ± 74 | 158 ± 90 | 356 ± 158a,b | <0.0001 |
| TPR (mmHg × min/L) | 4.94 ± 2.02 | 6.57 ± 2.32 | 10.2 ± 3.67a,b | <0.0001 |
| PAC (mL/mmHg) | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.5a,b | <0.0001 |
| Ea-P (mmHg/mL) | 0.63 ± 0.32 | 0.77 ± 0.32 | 1.30 ± 0.55a,b | <0.0001 |
| RVSW index (g/m2 × beat) | 15.2 ± 4.8 | 16.3 ± 7.7 | 14.4 ± 6.4 | 0.5 |
| Integrated function | ||||
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 49 ± 17 | 44 ± 14 | 32 ± 9a,b | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 3.9 ± 1.1a | 3.2 ± 1.0a,b | <0.0001 |
| A–V O2 difference (mL/dL) | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 9.8 ± 2.6 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 0.3 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation. Final column reflects overall group differences. No adjustment for multiple hypotheses testing of different variables was performed.
BP, blood pressure; CpcPH, combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; Ea-P, pulmonary arterial elastance; Ea-S, systemic arterial elastance; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; IpcPH, isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension; LVTMP, left ventricular transmural pressure; PA, pulmonary artery; PAC, pulmonary arterial compliance; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RA, right atrial; RAP, right atrial pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TAC, total arterial compliance; TPR, total pulmonary resistance; RVSW, right ventricular stroke work.
P < 0.05 vs. non-PH-HFpEF.
P < 0.05 vs. IpcPH-HFpEF.