. 2018 Feb 24;96(3):880–889. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky007

Table 5.

Effect of space allowance on the percentage occurrence of behavioral parameters in steers during a 105-d finishing period

Parameter	Space allowance, m²/steer					SEMp	P-value
Parameter	2.0	2.5	3.0	E1	E2	SEMp	P-value
Lying	54.6^a	59.5^b	59.1^b	59.3^b	58.8^b	0.96	0.035
Mean no. lying simultaneously^a	2.19^a	2.39^b	2.36^b	2.39^b	2.39^b	0.05	0.014
Eating	9.1	9.5	9.4	9.5	10.1	0.47	0.586
Drinking	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.1	0.22	0.502
Grooming self	1.7^a	2.7^b	2.9^b	2.6^b	2.7^b	0.14	0.002
Allogrooming	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.15	0.981
Head-butting	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.2	0.21	0.992

Values are expressed as least square means ± SEM. SEMp = pooled SEM; E1 = space allowance per animal (m²) = 0.033w^0.667, space allowance per animal ranged from 2.3 to 2.6 m²; E2 = space allowance per animal (m²) = 0.048w^0.667, space allowance per animal ranged from 3.4 to 3.9 m².

^aMean number (no.) of animals lying simultaneously per pen.

^a,bLeast squares means within a row without a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.05).