Table 5.

Effect of protein supplementation (treatment), fraction, sub-species (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), and time (0 h and 4 h postfeeding) on the relative abundance of the most abundant families

		Sub-species			Fraction			Time
Family	Sub-species P-value	Bos taurus	Bos indicus	Fraction P-value	Liquid	Solid	Time P-value	0 h	4 h
Prevotellaceae1,2,3	0.04	43.82	42.28	0.01	44.01	42.19	0.001	44.05	42.15
Ruminococcaceae1	0.03	13.56	14.27	<0.0001	10.90	16.99	0.01	13.56	14.33
Sphingobacteriaceae	0.04	7.77	8.91	<0.0001	10.03	6.59	0.01	8.73	7.87
Lachnospiraceae	0.64	7.23	7.05	<0.0001	4.09	10.25	0.04	6.85	7.49
Bacteroidales (order)2	<0.0001	2.9	4.3	<0.0001	5.72	1.44	0.14	3.42	3.73
Cytophagaceae	<0.0001	4.18	2.57	0.27	3.25	3.45	0.55	3.39	3.31
Bacteroidaceae	0.003	2.4	2.73	<0.0001	2.36	2.75	0.77	2.58	2.54
Porphyromonadaceae2	0.02	2.35	2.13	0.01	2.36	2.11	0.20	2.19	2.28
Spirochaetaceae3	0.19	2.14	2.28	<0.0001	1.90	2.53	0.00	2.01	2.42
Erysipelotrichaceae	0.85	1.89	1.86	<0.0001	3.19	0.54	0.35	1.81	1.93
Veillonellaceae3	0.01	1.71	1.41	0.001	1.71	1.41	0.09	1.62	1.50
Clostridiaceae	0.9	1.17	1.16	<0.0001	0.86	1.48	0.28	1.14	1.20
Fibrobacteraceae3	0.34	1.09	1.19	0.19	1.07	1.23	0.08	1.05	1.24
Marinilabiaceae3	0.12	0.9	0.99	0.39	0.93	0.97	0.05	0.90	1.00
Leuconostocaceae	0.28	0.7	0.75	<0.0001	0.84	0.60	0.44	0.71	0.73
Cryomorphaceae2	0.22	0.53	0.6	0.001	0.67	0.46	0.01	0.62	0.50
Rikenellaceae	0.46	0.6	0.53	<0.0001	0.43	0.71	0.04	0.62	0.52

¹Treatment (P ≤ 0.05), Prevotellaceae CON 44.66%, 50 L UIP 41.99% 150 L UIP 43.18%, Ruminococcaceae CON 13.49% 50 L UIP 14.45% 150 L UIP 13.81% 50 H UIP 14.94% 150 H UIP 13.00, CON= supplemented, 50 L UIP = 50 mg N/kg BW 69.5% wheat middling, 30% soybean meal, and 0.5% urea, 150 L UIP = 150 mg N/kg BW 69.5% wheat middling, 30% soybean meal, and 0.5%, 50 H UIP = 50 mg N/kg BW 100% distillers’ grains, 150 H UIP = 150 mg N/kg BW 100% distillers’ grains.

²Fraction × sub-species (P < 0.05).

³Fraction × treatment (P < 0.001).