Table 6.

Effect of protein supplementation (treatment), fraction, sub-species (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), and time (0 h and 4 h postfeeding) on the relative abundance of the most abundant genera

		Sub-species			Fraction			Time
Family	Sub-species P-value	Bos taurus	Bos indicus	Fraction P-value	Liquid	Solid	Time P-value	0 h	4 h
Prevotella 1,2	0.01	28.85	31.00	<0.0001	32.81	28.17	<.0001	30.89	29.09
Prevotellaceae (family)2,3	0.13	11.67	10.96	0.002	10.70	11.85	0.97	11.31	11.32
Ruminococcaceae (family)1	0.004	8.70	8.21	0.21	8.36	8.56	<.0001	8.10	8.82
Sphingobacteriaceae (family)	0.03	7.55	6.48	<0.0001	8.46	5.54	0.02	7.35	6.64
Saccharofermentans	0.36	3.82	3.64	<0.0001	1.39	6.10	0.97	3.74	3.75
Bacteroidales (order)	<0.0001	4.30	2.90	<0.0001	5.72	1.43	0.14	3.42	3.74
Pontibacter	<0.0001	2.69	4.36	0.59	3.45	3.55	0.5	3.55	3.46
Bacteroides	0.01	2.86	2.54	<0.0001	2.43	2.94	0.69	2.71	2.66
Treponema	0.76	1.73	1.71	<0.0001	1.10	2.38	0.001	1.54	1.91
Erysipelotrichaceae (family)	0.61	1.69	1.76	<0.0001	2.98	0.45	0.47	1.67	1.76
Succiniclasticum	0.01	1.36	1.62	0.001	1.63	1.34	0.06	1.56	1.42
Blautia	0.2	1.41	1.49	<0.0001	0.88	2.03	0.57	1.47	1.44
Clostridium	0.98	1.29	1.30	<0.0001	0.93	1.66	0.22	1.26	1.33
Fibrobacter 4	0.34	1.19	1.09	0.19	1.07	1.23	0.08	1.05	1.24
Ruminococcus	0.29	1.03	0.96	<0.0001	0.53	1.48	0.72	1.00	1.01

¹Sub-species × treatment (P < 0.05).

²Fraction × treatment (P < 0.05)

³Treatment (P = 0.0029) CON 11.70% 50 H UIP 11.47% 150 H UIP 12.97% 50 L UIP 10.04% 150 L UIP 10.40%, CON= supplemented, 50 H DIP = 50 mg N/kg BW 69.5% wheat middling, 30% soybean meal, and 0.5% urea, 150 H DIP = 150 mg N/kg BW 69.5% wheat middling, 30% soybean meal, and 0.5%, 50 L DIP = 50 mg N/kg BW 100% distillers’ grains, 150 L DIP = 150 mg N/kg BW 100% distillers’ grains.

⁴Fraction × sub-species (P < 0.05).