| Belief about change |
Believe that one’s intelligence and ability can change over time |
Believe that one’s intelligence and ability are fixed and do not change |
| Belief about improvement |
Believe that it is possible to improve one’s intelligence and ability through efforts |
Believe that it is impossible to improve one’s intelligence and ability through efforts |
| Motivation |
Have strong motivation to try hard to master skills |
Have no motivation for self-improvement |
| Goal setting |
Set mastery goals |
Set performance goals |
| Reaction and interpretation to a failure |
Show a strong will to learn from a failure and perceive it as a signal informing the necessity of more efforts |
Show no will to learn from a failure and perceive it as a signal informing lack of one’s ability |
