Table 1. . Summary of imaging findings after one season of subconcussive impacts in contact sports.
Modality | Metric | Type of change | Literature | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
fMRI | BOLD | Altered network | Abbas et al. (DMN); Talavage et al. (working memory) | [46,47] |
ASL | Expected decreases or increases | None known yet for subconcussive; Maugan et al. (decrease TBI); Militana et al. (increase TBI) | [51] | |
MEG | Delta waves | Increases | None known yet for subconcussive; Huang et al. (concussive) | [55] |
DTI | FA | Increases and/or decreases | Bazarian et al.; Davenport et al. | [5,21] |
MD | Increases and/or decreases | Bazarian et al. | [21] | |
DKI | MK and others | Increases and/or decreases | Davenport et al. | [73] |
ASL: Arterial spin labeling; BOLD: Blood oxygen level dependent; DKI: Diffusion kurtosis imaging; DMN: Default mode network; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging; FA: Fractional anisotropy; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging; MEG: Magnetoencephalography ; MK: Mean kurtosis; TBI: Traumatic brain injury.