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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2018 Feb 15;48(15):2573–2583. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718000193

Table 3.

IPT treatment effects 1 month and 6 months after the end of treatment among adult caregiver participants

Outcome (continuous) Control IPT Treatment effect
Mean (SD)a Cohen’s db p valued
SRQ
 Baseline 10.2 (5.2) 10.8 (4.7) - -
 1 month post-treatment 8.7 (4.6) 4.5 (3.5) 0.80 <.01
 6 months post-treatment 5.9 (5.1) 3.5 (3.4) 0.46 .06
Alcohol (AUDIT)
 Baseline 1.8 (5.3) 1.6 (4.0) - -
 1 month post-treatment 2.3 (5.5) 3.0 (6.2) 0.11 .60
 6 months post-treatment 1.3 (3.0) 2.4 (5.4) 0.24 .29
Stigma
 Baseline 18.3 (3.1) 17.8 (3.8) - -
 1 month post-treatment 17.6 (3.4) 16.3 (2.5) 0.16 .56
 6 months post-treatment 19.4 (2.7) 16.2 (2.3) 0.65 .02
Functioning
 Baseline 6.6 (2.4) 7.1 (2.6) - -
 1 month post-treatment 7.0 (2.3) 8.8 (2.0) 0.44 .13
 6 months post-treatment 8.1 (2.3) 8.8 (1.7) .03 .90
Social Support
 Baseline 32.6 (7.9) 33.1 (7.7) - -
 1 month post-treatment 34.5 (9.5) 38.4 (7.2) 0.36 .09
 6 months post-treatment 33.8 (9.2) 40.4 (6.1) 0.56 <.0001
Suicide Score
 Baseline 4.1 (11.5) 3.9 (9.4) - -
 1 month post-treatment 2.2 (6.1) 1.3 (4.8) 0.07 .71
 6 months post-treatment 3.1 (8.7) 0.8 (5.5) 0.14 .32
Outcome (binary) N (%)a Risk Ratio (95% CI)c p valued
Depression
 Baseline 30 (43.5) 39 (53.4) - -
 1 month post-treatment 12 (23.5) 4 (6.4) 0.25 (0.10, 0.62) <.01
 6 months post-treatment 10 (18.5) 4 (6.3) 0.33 (0.11, 0.95) .04
PTSD
 Baseline 25 (36.2) 23 (31.5) - -
 1 month post-treatment 28 (52.8) 25 (40.3) 0.88 (0.50,1.56) .65
 6 months post-treatment 15 (26.8) 20 (30.8) 1.17 (0.51, 2.67) .72
Anxiety
 Baseline 30 (43.5) 31 (42.5) - -
 1 month post-treatment 10 (18.9) 17 (27.4) 1.37 (0.79, 2.46) .25
 6 months post-treatment 10 (17.9) 6 (9.2) 0.52 (0.23, 1.16) .11
Suicide risk
 Baseline 8 (11.6) 12 (16.4) - -
 1 month post-treatment 4 (7.6) 3 (4.8) 0.42 (0.11, 1.53) .19
 6 months post-treatment 6 (10.7) 2 (3.1) 0.25 (0.06, 1.04) .06
a

Means, s.d., N and % based on all available data at each time point.

b

Cohen’s d effect size was calculated by dividing the group x time interaction term from the linear mixed-effects model by the pooled s.d.

c

P value is the significance level of the group x time interaction term from the linear (or generalized linear) mixed-effects model indicating statistical significance of the difference in change of outcome score (or risk) between the treatment and control groups from baseline to post-assessment. Separate models were estimated comparing change from baseline to 1 month post-treatment and baseline to 6 months post-treatment. Models included fixed effects of group, time and group x time interaction, and random effects of village and individual participant over time. Demographic characteristics that differed significantly between groups at baseline or predicted change in symptom over time were also included in the models as covariates. All models included all participants at each time point following multiple imputation procedures.

d

Risk ratios are the exponentiated form of the group x time interaction term from the generalized linear mixed-effects model with Poisson distribution and log link. This coefficient can be interpreted as a ratio of risk ratios. Specifically, it represents the risk ratio comparing risk at follow-up to risk baseline among IPT-G divided by the risk ratio comparing risk at follow-up to risk at baseline among TAU.