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. 2018 Aug 15;8:12163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29683-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GZ17 formulations are cytotoxic to HNSCC, and have a potentiated effect compared to individual components. (A) OSC19 (4 × 10³ cells/well in triplicate) were treated with various concentrations of GZ17-6.02, -5.0 and -S. Effective dose 50 (ED₅₀) was calculated with non-linear curve fit using GraphPad Prism software. Cumulative data represents three individual experimental repeats and error bars represent ± SEM. (B) OSC19 (4 × 10³ cells/well in triplicate) were treated with curcumin, harmine or isovanillin or combination of two components, each in a ratio representative of GZ17-6.02 in a final dose of 50 ug/mL for 48 h. (C) Glioblastoma (U87), and lung cancer lines (201T and A549) were treated with various concentrations of GZ17-6.02 to determine ED₅₀ concentration. (D) HNSCC cells (OSC19; 2 × 10⁵ cells) were treated with vehicle control or ED₅₀ concentrations of GZ17-6.02, -05.00 or –S for 72 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of cells in various cell cycle stages is represented of each treatment of GZ17 formulation at ED₅₀ concentration. Graph represents cumulative results from three independent experiments. (E) Representative immunoblot of apoptotic markers cleaved-PARP and caspase-3. β-tubulin levels demonstrate equal loading of protein across lanes.