Table 1. Contemporary series of open total arch procedures (frozen elephant trunk series not included).
First author, year | Study period | N | In-hospital mortality | Permanent stroke | Permanent SCI/paraplegia | Permanent renal failure | Follow-up time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kazui, 2007 (5) | 1986–2006 | 420 TAR, 472 total | 9.3%* | 3.2%* | NA | NA | NA |
Sundt, 2008 (28) | 1993–2007 | 95 TAR, 347 total | 16.8% | 9.5%* | NA | 8%* | NA |
Bischoff, 2010 (4) | 1999–2009 | 206 | 6.8% | 3.4% | NA | 1% | 3.7 years (median) |
Kulik, 2011 (29) | 2002–2010 | 88 | 5.7% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 2.9±2.3 years |
LeMaire, 2011 (6) | 2006–2009 | 55 | 2% | 5% | NA | 5% | 483±221 days |
Patel, 2011 (26) | 1993–2009 | 587 TAR†, 721 total | 5%* | 4.7%* | NA | 1.9%* | 52.6±39.9 months |
Misfeld, 2012 (30) | 2003–2009 | 182 TAR, 636 total | 11.3%* | 11.3%* | NA | 14.6% | 4.9±0.1 years |
Thomas, 2012 (31) | 2001–2010 | 65 TAR, 209 total | 6%‡ | 6%§ | NA | 3% | NA |
Zierer, 2012 (32) | 2000–2011 | 318 TAR, 1,002 total | 5%* | 2.5%* | 0.3% | 4%* | NA |
Okita, 2013 (8) | 2002–2012 | 423 | 4.5% | 3.3% | 0.6% | 3.1%§ | 2.3±2.3 years |
Hiraoka, 2014 (33) | 2008–2012 | 158 | 7% | 8.2% | NA | NA | NA |
Leshnower, 2014 (7) | 2004–2012 | 145 | 9.7% | 2.8% | 0 | 2.8% | 33 months |
Preventza, 2015 (9) | 2005–2013 | 274 | 10.2% | 5.5% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 4.5 years (median) |
All Ns and percentages refer to total arch replacement patients only unless otherwise specified. Follow-up times are reported as means unless otherwise noted. *, refers to the entire cohort and not only the total arch replacement patients; †, it is unclear how many of these procedures were total arch replacements. We infer that 587 of them were because they involved bypass to the innominate (n=296), left common carotid (n=216), or subclavian artery (n=75); ‡, the in-hospital mortality rate was 5.5% for patients who underwent elective procedures and 10% for those who underwent emergency procedures; §, not specified as temporary or permanent. NA, not available in published article; SCI, spinal cord injury; TAR, total arch replacement.