Table 1 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predicting failure of TMA.
| TMA (n=147) | TMA failure (n=54, 37%) | TMA success (n=93, 63%) | Univariate p-value | Multivariate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age (range) | 65.1 (43–84) | 66.4 (49–85) | 0.467 | |
| Male | 34 (63%) | 67 (72%) | 0.252 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.723 | |||
| - Chinese | 39 (72%) | 63 (68%) | ||
| - Malay | 9 (17%) | 17 (18%) | ||
| - Indian | 6 (11%) | 11 (12%) | ||
| - Others | 0 | 2 (2%) | ||
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Smoker | 15 (28%) | 23 (25%) | 0.244 | |
| Diabetes | 53 (98%) | 82 (88%) | 0.033 | 0.032 |
| HbA1c >7% | 31 (57%) | 47 (51%) | 0.576 | |
| Hypertension | 52 (96%) | 86 (93%) | 0.351 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 49 (91%) | 77 (83%) | 0.184 | 0.236 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 23 (43%) | 51 (55%) | 0.152 | 0.131 |
| Ejection fraction<55% | 14 (26%) | 27/93 (29%) | 0.244 | |
| ESRF | 15 (28%) | 22 (24%) | 0.579 | |
| Visual impairment | 18 (33%) | 33 (36%) | 0.792 | |
| Previous amputation | 37 (69%) | 64 (69%) | 0.970 | |
| ASA | 0.633 | |||
| - 2 | 9 (17%) | 13 (14%) | ||
| - 3 | 41 (76%) | 76 (82%) | ||
| - 4 | 4 (7%) | 4 (4%) | ||
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| Ulcer | 13 (24%) | 20 (22%) | 0.719 | |
| Wet gangrene | 35 (65%) | 79 (85%) | 0.228 | |
| Dry gangrene | 17 (32%) | 22 (24%) | 0.300 | |
| Wound culture | ||||
| Positive vs. negative | 41 (76%) | 60 (65%) | 0.150 | 0.343 |
| >1 organism | 19 (35%) | 23 (25%) | 0.255 | |
| MRSA | 7 (13%) | 7 (8%) | 0.261 | |
| Pseudomonas | 11 (20%) | 12 (13%) | 0.254 | |
| Toe Pressure <50 mmHg | 42 (78%) | 75 (81%) | 0.173 | |
| Below-knee patency post-revascularisation | ||||
| ATA | 22 (41%) | 43 (46%) | 0.366 | |
| PTA | 18 (33%) | 40 (43%) | 0.160 | 0.106 |
| Peroneal | 29 (54%) | 49 (53%) | 0.883 | |
| Plantar arch | 17 (32%) | 27 (29%) | 0.874 | |
| Below-knee patency post-revascularisation | ||||
| 3-vessels | 7 (13%) | 16 (17%) | 0.485 | |
| 2-vessels | 15 (28%) | 27 (29%) | 0.936 | |
| 1-vessel | 22 (40.7%) | 31 (33.3%) | 0.773 |