Table 2.
Test | Sample source | Performed to confirm diagnosis | Related response | NCCN timing of testing | NCCN additional testing | ESMO testing guidelines |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complete blood count (CBC) | Peripheral blood | Yes | Normal platelet and blood counts; no blasts or immature cells in blood | Per physician recommendation | Per physician recommendation | Every 15 days until CHR, then every 3 months |
Bone marrow cytogenetics | Bone marrow | Yes | CCyR; 0 Ph+ metaphases | At 3 and 6 months if qPCR (IS) is unavailable; or there is no CCyR or MMR at 12 monthsa | If BCR-ABL1 transcript levels increase ≥1-log without MMR | At 3 and 6 months, every 6 months until CCyR, then every 12 months if MMR unavailable |
qPCR (IS) | Peripheral blood or bone marrow | Yes | CMR; no detectable BCR-ABL1 transcripts by qPCR (IS) using an assay with a sensitivity of ≥4.5 logs below standardized baseline | If CCyR achieved, every 3 months for 2 years; every 3–6 months thereafter | If BCR-ABL1 transcript levels increase ≥1-log with MMR | Every 3 months until MMR, then every 6 months; qualitative PCR at diagnosis |
BCR-ABL1 mutation analysis | Peripheral blood or bone marrow | No | N/A | If BCR-ABL1/ABL1 >10% by qPCR (IS) after 3–6 months of treatment; if CCyR is not present at any time after 12 months | Any loss of response; 1-log increase in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels and loss of MMR; or disease progression to blast phase | Defined failureb at 3, 6, or 12 months or loss of CHR or CCyR at any time |
CCyR: confirmed cytogenetic response; CHR: complete hematologic response; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; CMR: complete molecular response; ESMO: European Society for Medical Oncology; IS: International Scale; MMR: major molecular response; N/A: not applicable; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Absence of MMR in the presence of a CCyR is not considered a treatment failure. bFailure by ESMO guidelines is defined as Ph+ metaphases >95% or BCR-ABL1 >10% at 3 months, Ph+ metaphases >65% or BCR-ABL1 >10% at 6 months, or Ph+ metaphases ≥1% or BCR-ABL1 >1% at 12 months. Table adapted from NCCN Tests and Treatment Responses in Chronic Phase CML, accessed November 2016; NCCN CML Guidelines v1.2016, accessed October 2015; and ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines 2012.